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    General Information
    Region    South America
    Population (000, 2020)   17 643
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   71
    Capital city    Quito
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   1 847.7b
    UN membership date    21-Dec-45
    Surface area (km2)   257 217a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   100.1
    National currency    US Dollar (USD)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   1b
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)69 55599 290108 398c
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)3.50.11.4c
    GDP per capita (current US$)4 633.66 124.56 344.9c
    Economy: Agricultured (% of Gross Value Added)10.210.29.9c
    Economy: Industryd,e (% of Gross Value Added)36.334.434.9c
    Economy: Services and other activityd,f,g (% of GVA)57.258.260.6c
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)27.926.229.4h
    Employment in industry (% of employed)18.519.718.2h
    Employment in services (% employed)53.654.152.5h
    Unemploymenth (% of labour force)4.13.64.2
    Labour force participation rateh (female/male pop. %)49.9 / 80.552.1 / 81.055.3 / 81.0
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100121124b
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)123122115i
    International trade: exports (million current US$)17 49018 33122 245h,b
    International trade: imports (million current US$)20 59121 38722 425h,b
    International trade: balance (million current US$)- 3 101- 3 057-180h,b
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 1 582- 2 221-79b
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratej (average annual %)1.61.51.7
    Urban population (% of total population)62.763.464b
    Urban population growth ratej (average annual %)21.8...
    Fertility rate, totalj (live births per woman)2.72.62.4
    Life expectancy at birthj (females/males, years)77.6 / 71.778.5 / 72.879.6 / 74.0
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)31.0 / 8.629.1 / 9.827.4 / 11.0
    International migrant stockk (000/% of total pop.)325.4 / 2.2387.5 / 2.4381.5 / 2.2b
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)171.1l133.1l420.5b
    Infant mortality ratej (per 1 000 live births)19.115.113.6
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)7.18.68.3a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)2.12.12i
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)4.55...
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)113.2 / 112.9107.9 / 107.4104.1 / 102.4c
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)94.5 / 90.3106.2 / 102.0102.8 / 100.1c
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)41.6 / 36.0m48.4 / 41.5... / ...
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)17.56.55.8c
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)32.341.639.4n
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Interneto (per 100 inhabitants)2948.957.3a
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.40.4p...
    Threatened species (number)2 2552 3082 501
    Forested area (% of land area)52.150.5h50.5h,a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)32.7 / 2.237.4 / 2.334.3 / 2.1a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)1 1101 2601 263a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)353737a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)1 047q1 676r2 535r,c
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)25.927.530.2b
    Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)82.0 / 54.484.4 / 56.984.9 / 57.9a
    Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)36.3 / 51.534.5 / 55.533.4 / 57.2a
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)0.250.330.38c
Data provided by UNdata