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Official name:
Republic of Estonia
Region:

    General Information
    Region    Northern Europe
    Population (000, 2020)   1 326
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   31.3
    Capital city    Tallinn
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   441.3b
    UN membership date    17-Sep-91
    Surface area (km2)   45 227a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   90
    National currency    Euro (EUR)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   0.9b
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)19 69723 04930 747c
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)2.71.84.8c
    GDP per capita (current US$)14 786.217 523.323 241.9c
    Economy: Agricultured (% of Gross Value Added)3.63.33.1c
    Economy: Industryd,e (% of Gross Value Added)27.627.327.7c
    Economy: Services and other activityd,f,g (% of GVA)6261.562.3c
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)4.23.93.1h
    Employment in industry (% of employed)30.330.729.4h
    Employment in services (% employed)65.565.467.6h
    Unemploymenth (% of labour force)16.76.25.4
    Labour force participation rateh (female/male pop. %)55.0 / 67.156.0 / 69.556.8 / 70.7
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100111122b
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)110150128i
    International trade: exportsj (million current US$)12 81113 90816 811b
    International trade: importsj (million current US$)13 19715 73218 659b
    International trade: balancej (million current US$)-385- 1 824- 1 848b
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)340403690b
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratek (average annual %)-0.4-0.30.2
    Urban population (% of total population)68.168.469.1b
    Urban population growth ratek (average annual %)-0.5-0.2...
    Fertility rate, totalk (live births per woman)1.71.61.6
    Life expectancy at birthk (females/males, years)79.0 / 68.381.2 / 71.882.5 / 74.0
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)15.1 / 23.216.1 / 25.116.5 / 26.8
    International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)217.9 / 16.4194.7 / 14.8190.2 / 14.4b
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)101l86.877m,b
    Infant mortality ratek (per 1 000 live births)4.73.22
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)6.36.46.4a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)3.23.44.5c
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)5.55.15.2i
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)102.2 / 103.897.1 / 97.197.3 / 97.2a
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)105.3 / 105.2110.8 / 111.3118.9 / 116.2a
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)85.9 / 51.687.5 / 57.784.8 / 55.4a
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)5.33.42.1c
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)22.819.828.7n
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)74.1o,p88.489.4c
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)1.61.51.4q,c
    Threatened species (number)111748
    Forested area (% of land area)52.751.351.3h,a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)18.6 / 13.915.1 / 11.516.0 / 12.1a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)206234242a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)179176185a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersr,s (000)2 5112 9613 234c
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)94.894.894.9b
    Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)97.4 / 93.998.4 / 94.298.7 / 94.4a
    Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)0.10.150.16a
Data provided by UNdata