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    General Information
    Region    Northern Europe
    Population (000, 2020)   5 541a
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   18.2a
    Capital city    Helsinki
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   1 292.2c
    UN membership date    14-Dec-55
    Surface area (km2)   338 440a,b
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   97.3a
    National currency    Euro (EUR)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   0.9c
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)249 181234 585276 878d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)3.20.61.7d
    GDP per capita (current US$)46 438.942 798.850 135.7d
    Economy: Agriculturee (% of Gross Value Added)2.82.62.8d
    Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added)29.92728.4d
    Economy: Services and other activitye,g,h (% of GVA)74.748.947.5d
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)4.44.23.5i
    Employment in industry (% of employed)23.321.722i
    Employment in services (% employed)72.374.174.5i
    Unemploymenti (% of labour force)8.49.46.7
    Labour force participation ratei (female/male pop. %)56.0 / 63.955.5 / 62.355.3 / 62.5
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100j109j112c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)949897k
    International trade: exports (million current US$)70 11759 68272 802i,c
    International trade: imports (million current US$)68 76760 17473 335i,c
    International trade: balance (million current US$)1 349-492-533i,c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)2 792- 1 683- 2 060c
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratea,l (average annual %)0.40.40.2
    Urban populationa (% of total population)83.885.285.4c
    Urban population growth ratea,l (average annual %)0.60.8...
    Fertility rate, totala,l (live births per woman)1.81.81.5
    Life expectancy at birtha,l (females/males, years)82.9 / 76.183.7 / 77.784.5 / 78.8
    Population age distributiona (0-14/60+ years old, %)16.5 / 24.816.4 / 27.015.9 / 29.0
    International migrant stocka (000/% of total pop.)228.5 / 4.3314.9 / 5.7383.1 / 6.9c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)14m16.335c
    Infant mortality ratea,l (per 1 000 live births)2.72.11.7
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)8.99.79.2b
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)3.33.33.8k
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)6.57.16.9k
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)99.1 / 99.8100.3 / 100.899.9 / 100.4b
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)110.1 / 105.2157.5 / 142.9161.5 / 146.8b
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)103.1 / 84.395.8 / 79.895.7 / 81.0b
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)2.21.51.6d
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)4042.546n
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)86.9o86.4p88.9d
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)3.72.92.8d
    Threatened species (number)182561
    Forested area (% of land area)73.173.173.1i,b
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)62.0 / 11.642.4 / 7.742.6 / 7.7b
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)728732753b
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)285246251b
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)2 3192 6223 224d
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)71.371.871.8c
    Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)99.1 / ...99.2 / ...99.3 / ...b
    Net Official Development Assist. disbursedq (% of GNI)0.550.550.42b
Data provided by UNdata