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    General Information
    Region    South-eastern Asia
    Population (000, 2020)   273 524
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   151
    Capital city    Jakarta
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   10 638.7b,c
    UN membership date    28-Sep-50
    Surface area (km2)   1 910 931a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   101.4
    National currency    Rupiah (IDR)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   13 901.0c
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)755 094860 8541 042 173d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)6.24.95.2d
    GDP per capita (current US$)3 122.43 331.73 893.5d
    Economy: Agriculturee (% of Gross Value Added)14.313.913.3d
    Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added)43.941.441.4d
    Economy: Services and other activitye,g,h (% of GVA)38.943.142.7d
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)39.13327.7i
    Employment in industry (% of employed)18.72222.7i
    Employment in services (% employed)42.244.949.6i
    Unemploymenti (% of labour force)5.64.54.8
    Labour force participation ratei (female/male pop. %)51.2 / 83.250.6 / 82.453.2 / 81.8
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100132151c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)123142143j
    International trade: exportsk (million current US$)157 779150 366167 003c
    International trade: importsk (million current US$)135 663142 695170 727c
    International trade: balancek (million current US$)22 1167 671- 3 724c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)5 144- 17 519- 30 387c
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratel (average annual %)1.31.31.1
    Urban population (% of total population)49.953.356c
    Urban population growth ratel (average annual %)32.6...
    Fertility rate, totall (live births per woman)2.52.42.3
    Life expectancy at birthl (females/males, years)70.3 / 66.472.2 / 67.973.6 / 69.3
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)28.8 / 7.527.5 / 8.525.9 / 10.1
    International migrant stockm (000/% of total pop.)305.4 / 0.1338.1 / 0.1353.1 / 0.1c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)2.9n13.214c
    Infant mortality ratel (per 1 000 live births)30.42518.9
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)33o3a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)0.10.30.4d
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)2.83.6...
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)111.0 / 107.4104.4 / 107.4104.6 / 108.1d
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)76.7 / 76.286.3 / 86.090.0 / 87.8d
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)22.5 / 25.735.0 / 31.539.0 / 33.8d
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)0.40.60.4a
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)1817.120.4p
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)10.922q39.9d
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.1r,s,t0.1u0.2d
    Threatened species (number)1 1421 2461 654
    Forested areai (% of land area)52.150.248.5a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)357.6 / 1.5459.1 / 1.8496.4 / 1.9a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)16 86318 14019 187a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)343738a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)7 00310 40715 810d
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)17.423.126.1c
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)0.1800.1d
Data provided by UNdata