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    General Information
    Region    Caribbean
    Population (000, 2020)   2 961
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   273.4
    Capital city    Kingston
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   11-Aug-01b
    UN membership date    18-Sep-62
    Surface area (km2)   10 990a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   98.5
    National currency    Jamaican Dollar (JMD)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   131.2b
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)13 22114 19615 714c
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)-1.50.91.9c
    GDP per capita (current US$)4 704.14 910.55 354.3c
    Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)5.97.27.7c
    Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)202223.5c
    Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)68.666.165.7c
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)17.8d17.715.7d
    Employment in industry (% of employed)16.2d14.916.2d
    Employment in services (% employed)66d67.368.1d
    Unemploymentd (% of labour force)12.413.58
    Labour force participation rated (female/male pop. %)55.6 / 71.157.4 / 71.560.0 / 72.6
    CPI: Consumer Price Indexe (2010=100)100141163b
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)98101105f
    International trade: exports (million current US$)1 3281 2631 586b
    International trade: imports (million current US$)5 2254 9936 339b
    International trade: balance (million current US$)- 3 898- 3 730- 4 753b
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)-934-430-288c
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth rateg (average annual %)0.50.60.5
    Urban population (% of total population)53.754.856b
    Urban population growth rateg (average annual %)0.90.8...
    Fertility rate, totalg (live births per woman)2.32.12
    Life expectancy at birthg (females/males, years)75.6 / 72.875.5 / 72.575.9 / 72.8
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)27.0 / 11.424.6 / 11.923.4 / 13.3
    International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)23.7 / 0.823.2 / 0.823.5 / 0.8b
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)~0.0h~0.0~0.0b
    Infant mortality rateg (per 1 000 live births)16.714.911.8
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)55.76a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)0.4i0.41.3a
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)6.45.55.4c
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)... / ...94.5 / 89.388.9 / 93.0c
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)95.5 / 88.283.8 / 78.283.6 / 81.0c
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)37.8 / 16.434.7 / 19.9... / ...
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)51.541.843.9c
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)13.312.717.5j
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)27.7k42.2d55.1d,a
    Threatened species (number)282298323
    Forested aread (% of land area)31.13131a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)6.9 / 2.57.0 / 2.47.0 / 2.4a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)576d,a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)393938a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersl,m (000)1 9222 1232 473c
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)29.429.529.5b
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)1.110.430.66c
Data provided by UNdata