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    General Information
    Region    Eastern Asia
    Population (000, 2020)   3 278
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   2.1
    Capital city    Ulaanbaatar
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   1 552.7b
    UN membership date    27-Oct-61
    Surface area (km2)   1 564 116a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   97.1
    National currency    Tugrik (MNT)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   2 734.3b
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)7 18911 75013 010c
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)6.42.46.7c
    GDP per capita (current US$)2 643.33 918.64 103.7c
    Economy: Agricultured (% of Gross Value Added)13.114.512.2c
    Economy: Industryd,e (% of Gross Value Added)3733.842.8c
    Economy: Services and other activityd,f,g (% of GVA)5763.559.5c
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)33.528.526.9h
    Employment in industry (% of employed)16.220.319.5h
    Employment in services (% employed)50.251.353.6h
    Unemploymenth (% of labour force)6.64.96
    Labour force participation rateh (female/male pop. %)53.1 / 65.153.8 / 67.253.1 / 66.1
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100i164i120j,b
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)114153161k
    International trade: exports (million current US$)2 908h4 6697 433h,b
    International trade: imports (million current US$)3 200h3 7976 039h,b
    International trade: balance (million current US$)-291h8731 394h,b
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)-885-948- 2 162b
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratel (average annual %)1.521.8
    Urban population (% of total population)67.668.268.5b
    Urban population growth ratel (average annual %)32.1...
    Fertility rate, totall (live births per woman)2.42.82.9
    Life expectancy at birthl (females/males, years)70.3 / 62.472.7 / 64.573.8 / 65.5
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)27.0 / 5.628.9 / 6.231.1 / 7.3
    International migrant stockm (000/% of total pop.)16.1 / 0.619.9 / 0.721.1 / 0.7b
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)0.3n~0.00.1b
    Infant mortality ratel (per 1 000 live births)30.522.818.1
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)3.74.24a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)2.83.22.9k
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)4.64.24.1a
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)124.3 / 127.299.4 / 101.3102.8 / 105.3c
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)94.8 / 88.3... / ...... / ...
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)65.1 / 42.578.9 / 57.476.7 / 54.7c
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)8.87.16.2c
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)3.914.917.3o
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)10.222.547.2c
    Research & Development expenditurep (% of GDP)0.20.20.1c
    Threatened species (number)363643
    Forested areah (% of land area)8.48.18.1a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)14.1 / 5.217.1 / 5.819.3 / 6.3a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)6556541 311a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)6191128a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)456386529c
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)37.24041.7b
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)4.342.192.88c
Data provided by UNdata