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    General Information
    Region    Central America
    Population (000, 2020)   128 933
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   66.3
    Capital city    Mexico City
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   21 671.9b,c
    UN membership date    07-Nov-45
    Surface area (km2)   1 964 375a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   95.8
    National currency    Mexican Peso (MXN)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   18.8c
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)1 057 8011 170 5671 223 401d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)5.13.32d
    GDP per capita (current US$)9 271.49 606.09 694.9d
    Economy: Agriculturee (% of Gross Value Added)3.43.43.5d
    Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added)33.731.831.9d
    Economy: Services and other activitye,g,h (% of GVA)56.455.154.6d
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)13.913.412.4i
    Employment in industry (% of employed)24.425.226.2i
    Employment in services (% employed)61.761.461.4i
    Unemploymenti (% of labour force)5.34.33.6
    Labour force participation ratei (female/male pop. %)43.1 / 79.743.9 / 79.044.2 / 78.3
    CPI: Consumer Price Indexj (2010=100)100119142c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)108120126k
    International trade: exportsl (million current US$)298 305380 550472 273c
    International trade: importsl (million current US$)301 482395 234467 293c
    International trade: balancel (million current US$)- 3 177- 14 6844 980c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 4 872- 31 011- 2 444c
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth raten (average annual %)1.51.31.1
    Urban population (% of total population)77.879.380.4c
    Urban population growth raten (average annual %)21.8...
    Fertility rate, totaln (live births per woman)2.42.32.1
    Life expectancy at birthn (females/males, years)78.0 / 72.477.9 / 72.077.8 / 72.1
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)29.5 / 8.827.6 / 10.025.8 / 11.2
    International migrant stocko (000/% of total pop.)969.5 / 0.81 028.8 / 0.81 060.7 / 0.8c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)1.6p2.2302.1c
    Infant mortality raten (per 1 000 live births)17.115.213.5
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)65.85.5a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)2.22.32.4a
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)5.25.24.9k
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)109.8 / 111.4106.5 / 106.7106.0 / 105.5a
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)90.4 / 83.8104.1 / 97.6108.2 / 100.7a
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)27.3 / 27.931.6 / 32.140.6 / 39.8a
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)22.61729.1d
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)27.63848.2q
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)31i57.4r,s65.8d
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.50.40.3i,d
    Threatened species (number)9431 1091 656
    Forested area (% of land area)34.23434i,a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)440.5 / 3.9442.4 / 3.7446.0 / 3.6a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)9 4038 0316 989a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)646259a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borderst (000)23 29032 09341 313d
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)3435.137.1c
    Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)35.3 / ...47.2 / ...52.3 / ...a
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)0.040.030.05d
Data provided by UNdata