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    General Information
    Region    Central America
    Population (000, 2020)   6 625
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   55
    Capital city    Managua
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   1 055.5b
    UN membership date    24-Oct-45
    Surface area (km2)   130 373a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   97.2
    National currency    Cordoba Oro (NIO)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   33.8b
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)8 75912 75713 118c
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)4.44.8-3.8c
    GDP per capita (current US$)1 503.92 049.82 028.9c
    Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)18.717.816.9c
    Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)24.228.528.2c
    Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)56.553.254.6c
    Employment in agricultured (% of employed)29.43130.6
    Employment in industryd (% of employed)18.417.615.6
    Employment in servicesd (% employed)52.251.453.8
    Unemploymentd (% of labour force)7.84.77.4
    Labour force participation rated (female/male pop. %)47.1 / 83.049.4 / 84.249.9 / 84.2
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100137163b
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)118127132e
    International trade: exports (million current US$)1 8484 6673 998d,b
    International trade: imports (million current US$)4 1915 8668 426d,b
    International trade: balance (million current US$)- 2 343- 1 199- 4 429d,b
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)-780- 1 14583c
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratef (average annual %)1.41.31.2
    Urban population (% of total population)56.957.958.8b
    Urban population growth ratef (average annual %)1.61.5...
    Fertility rate, totalf (live births per woman)2.72.52.4
    Life expectancy at birthf (females/males, years)74.9 / 68.676.4 / 69.877.7 / 70.6
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)33.3 / 6.331.3 / 7.429.5 / 8.7
    International migrant stockg (000/% of total pop.)37.3 / 0.640.3 / 0.642.2 / 0.6b
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)0.1h0.40.8b
    Infant mortality ratef (per 1 000 live births)23.117.816.8
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)788.6a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)0.70.91c
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)4.54.14.3a
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)120.1 / 121.1... / ...... / ...
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)78.0 / 69.1... / ...... / ...
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)13.58.47.2e
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)20.739.147.2i
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internetd (per 100 inhabitants)1019.727.9a
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)...0.1j...
    Threatened species (number)121141161
    Forested area (% of land area)25.925.925.9d,a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)4.3 / 0.75.1 / 0.85.1 / 0.8a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)669293a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)222727a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersk (000)1 0111 3861 256c
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)70.470.470.4b
    Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)67.0 / 29.867.3 / 29.667.4 / 29.5a
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)6.013.692.76c
Data provided by UNdata