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    General Information
    Region    Central America
    Population (000, 2020)   4 315
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   58
    Capital city    Panama City
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   1 821.7b,c
    UN membership date    13-Nov-45
    Surface area (km2)   75 320a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   100.2
    National currency    Balboa (PAB)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   1c
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)29 44054 09265 055d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)5.85.73.7d
    GDP per capita (current US$)8 082.013 630.315 575.1d
    Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)3.82.92.3d
    Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)20.128.730.2d
    Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)55.250.150.4d
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)17.414.713.7e
    Employment in industry (% of employed)18.718.718.8e
    Employment in services (% employed)63.966.667.5e
    Unemploymente (% of labour force)3.733.8
    Labour force participation ratee (female/male pop. %)47.1 / 80.050.7 / 79.253.4 / 79.8
    CPI: Consumer Price Indexf (2010=100)100120122c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)106114112g
    International trade: exportsh (million current US$)10 98711 348713e,c
    International trade: importsh (million current US$)16 73710 37512 836e,c
    International trade: balanceh (million current US$)- 5 751973- 12 123e,c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 3 113- 4 848- 3 500c
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratei (average annual %)1.81.71.7
    Urban population (% of total population)65.166.768.1c
    Urban population growth ratei (average annual %)2.22.2...
    Fertility rate, totali (live births per woman)2.62.62.5
    Life expectancy at birthi (females/males, years)79.3 / 73.580.4 / 74.481.5 / 75.1
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)29.1 / 9.727.8 / 10.826.5 / 12.2
    International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)157.3 / 4.3184.7 / 4.7185.1 / 4.4c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)17.6j19.3113.5c
    Infant mortality ratei (per 1 000 live births)17.81614.1
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)7.26.87.3a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)1.41.6k1.6g
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)3.5l3.2m...
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)103.1 / 107.094.9 / 97.293.4 / 95.4a
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)73.5 / 69.277.9 / 73.978.3 / 74.1a
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)53.7 / 35.158.0 / 36.858.6 / 37.3g
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)12.611.99.4d
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)8.519.322.5n
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)40.1o51.2p57.9e,a
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.10.10.1a
    Threatened species (number)347373400
    Forested area (% of land area)63.2e62.362.3e,a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)8.9 / 2.410.1 / 2.59.6 / 2.3a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)263642a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)394348a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)1 3242 1101 785d
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)34.434.434.4c
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)0.490.020.06d
Data provided by UNdata