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    General Information
    Region    South America
    Population (000, 2020)   32 972
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   25.8
    Capital city    Lima
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   10 554.7b,c
    UN membership date    31-Oct-45
    Surface area (km2)   1 285 216a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   98.7
    National currency    Sol (PEN)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   3.3c
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)147 528189 757222 237d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)8.33.34d
    GDP per capita (current US$)5 082.36 227.56 947.3d
    Economy: Agriculturee (% of Gross Value Added)7.57.77.5d
    Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added)39.133.233.9d
    Economy: Services and other activitye,g,h (% of GVA)5559.259.5d
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)27.728.327.2i
    Employment in industry (% of employed)16.916.615.3i
    Employment in services (% employed)55.455.257.5i
    Unemploymenti (% of labour force)3.533.2
    Labour force participation ratei (female/male pop. %)72.1 / 85.967.9 / 83.870.6 / 85.5
    CPI: Consumer Price Indexj (2010=100)100118130c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)129148150k
    International trade: exports (million current US$)35 80733 66746 132c
    International trade: imports (million current US$)29 96638 02642 376c
    International trade: balance (million current US$)5 842- 4 3593 755c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 3 564- 9 526- 3 594d
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratel (average annual %)0.811.6
    Urban population (% of total population)76.477.478.1c
    Urban population growth ratel (average annual %)1.61.6...
    Fertility rate, totall (live births per woman)2.72.42.3
    Life expectancy at birthl (females/males, years)76.1 / 71.377.7 / 72.679.2 / 73.7
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)30.1 / 8.928.1 / 10.724.7 / 12.5
    International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)104.7 / 0.4154.8 / 0.5782.2 / 2.4c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)1.4m1.8860.1c
    Infant mortality ratel (per 1 000 live births)18.114.112.8
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)4.75i5i,a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)0.9n1.1o1.3k
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)2.943.9a
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)110.0 / 109.8100.3 / 100.2105.1 / 108.8d
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)93.5 / 91.197.4 / 97.8103.6 / 109.3d
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)35.6 / 32.9p... / ...72.7 / 68.7a
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)...7.47.9a
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)27.522.330q,r
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)34.8s40.952.5d
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)...0.10.1d
    Threatened species (number)551643819
    Forested areai (% of land area)58.457.857.8a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)41.5 / 1.449.7 / 1.649.7 / 1.5a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)810938912a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)272830a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borderst,u (000)2 2993 4564 419d
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)26.527.729.1c
    Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)57.9 / 18.058.6 / 20.058.8 / 20.8a
    Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)34.9 / ...46.5 / ...51.2 / ...a
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)-0.220.180.21d
Data provided by UNdata