Skip to main content

    General Information
    Region    Eastern Europe
    Population (000, 2020)   19 238
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   83.6
    Capital city    Bucharest
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   1 812.3b
    UN membership date    14-Dec-55
    Surface area (km2)   238 391a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   94.6
    National currency    Romanian Leu (RON)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   4.3b
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)166 225177 895239 552c
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)-3.93.94c
    GDP per capita (current US$)8 119.78 928.112 280.8c
    Economy: Agricultured (% of Gross Value Added)5.64.84.8c
    Economy: Industryd,e (% of Gross Value Added)42.434.132c
    Economy: Services and other activityd,f,g (% of GVA)6461.161.4c
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)3125.621.3h
    Employment in industry (% of employed)28.328.530.1h
    Employment in services (% employed)40.74648.6h
    Unemploymenth (% of labour force)76.83.9
    Labour force participation rateh (female/male pop. %)46.3 / 64.345.2 / 64.444.9 / 64.4
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100i114i124j,b
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)909195k
    International trade: exports (million current US$)49 41360 60577 299b
    International trade: imports (million current US$)62 00769 85896 644b
    International trade: balance (million current US$)- 12 593- 9 253- 19 346b
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 8 478- 1 015- 11 384b
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratel (average annual %)-0.9-0.5-0.7
    Urban population (% of total population)53.853.954.1b
    Urban population growth ratel (average annual %)-0.7-0.5...
    Fertility rate, totall (live births per woman)1.51.51.6
    Life expectancy at birthl (females/males, years)76.7 / 69.578.4 / 71.579.3 / 72.4
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)15.8 / 21.315.5 / 23.815.5 / 25.9
    International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)177.2 / 0.9281.0 / 1.4462.6 / 2.4b
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)1.7m2.94.8b
    Infant mortality ratel (per 1 000 live births)128.46.7
    Health: Current expenditureh (% of GDP)5.84.95.2a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)2.52.6n3a
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)3.53.1...
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)99.1 / 100.888.5 / 89.884.6 / 85.7a
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)97.2 / 98.192.9 / 92.991.4 / 91.1a
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)74.4 / 54.252.2 / 41.755.4 / 43.8a
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)1.31.71.3c
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)11.413.721.9o
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)39.9p55.8p70.7c
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.50.50.5c
    Threatened species (number)6485140
    Forested area (% of land area)28.329.829.8h,a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)74.7 / 3.769.6 / 3.570.8 / 3.6a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)1 1551 1161 071a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)726771a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)7 4989 33111 720c
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)657676b
    Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)0.070.090.11a
Data provided by UNdata