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    General Information
    Region    Eastern Europe
    Population (000, 2020)   145 934
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   8.9
    Capital city    Moscow
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   12 476.2b
    UN membership date    24-Oct-45
    Surface area (km2)   17 098 246a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   86.4
    National currency    Russian Ruble (RUB)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   61.9b
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)1 539 8451 366 0311 660 514c
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)4.5-2.32.3c
    GDP per capita (current US$)10 732.29 421.911 394.1c
    Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)3.84.33.5c
    Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)34.833.335.9c
    Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)48.353.652.4c
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)7.76.75.6d
    Employment in industry (% of employed)27.827.326.6d
    Employment in services (% employed)64.56667.8d
    Unemploymentd (% of labour force)7.45.64.4
    Labour force participation rated (female/male pop. %)55.9 / 70.355.5 / 71.254.4 / 69.8
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100152181b
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)99131139e
    International trade: exportsf (million current US$)397 068343 908426 720b
    International trade: importsf (million current US$)228 912182 782247 161b
    International trade: balancef (million current US$)168 156161 126179 559b
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)67 45267 77764 607b
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth rateg (average annual %)-~0.00.20.1
    Urban population (% of total population)73.77474.6b
    Urban population growth rateg (average annual %)-~0.00.2...
    Fertility rate, totalg (live births per woman)1.51.71.8
    Life expectancy at birthg (females/males, years)73.7 / 61.076.0 / 64.677.5 / 66.8
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)14.9 / 18.016.9 / 20.018.4 / 22.4
    International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)11 194.7 / 7.811 643.3 / 8.011 640.6 / 8.0b
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)132.6h431.2135.5i,b
    Infant mortality rateg (per 1 000 live births)10.78.35.8
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)55.3j5.3j,a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)2.43.7...
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)4.1k3.83.7e
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)99.6 / 99.1l99.5 / 98.7102.3 / 102.8a
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)84.1 / 85.4l101.0 / 103.4102.1 / 104.7a
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)86.8 / 64.2l87.6 / 72.789.1 / 75.0a
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)11.611.58.2c
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)1413.615.8m
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)43n70.1o,p80.9c
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)1.11.11c
    Threatened species (number)126217279
    Forested aread (% of land area)49.849.849.8a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)1 529.2 / 10.71 534.5 / 10.61 536.9 / 10.6a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)53 67956 02459 485a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)202207217a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)22 28133 72924 551c
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)25.125.125.1b
    Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)62.2 / 48.463.1 / 53.263.4 / 55.2a
    Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)0.030.09q0.08q,a
Data provided by UNdata