Skip to main content
Official name:
Republic of Turkey
Region:

    General Information
    Region    Western Asia
    Population (000, 2020)   84 339
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   109.6
    Capital city    Ankara
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   5 018.0b,c
    UN membership date    24-Oct-45
    Surface area (km2)   783 562a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   97.5
    National currency    Turkish Lira (TRY)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   5.9c
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)771 877859 794771 355d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)8.56.12.8d
    GDP per capita (current US$)10 672.010 948.79 367.9d
    Economy: Agriculturee (% of Gross Value Added)10.37.86.5d
    Economy: Industrye,f (% of Gross Value Added)2831.732.9d
    Economy: Services and other activitye,g,h (% of GVA)43.342.341d
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)23.720.418i
    Employment in industry (% of employed)26.227.226.1i
    Employment in services (% employed)50.152.455.9i
    Unemploymenti (% of labour force)10.710.212.9
    Labour force participation ratei (female/male pop. %)27.0 / 69.631.4 / 71.633.9 / 72.4
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100i146i233c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)110128129j
    International trade: exports (million current US$)113 883143 850180 839c
    International trade: imports (million current US$)185 544207 207210 343c
    International trade: balance (million current US$)- 71 661- 63 356- 29 505c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 44 620- 27 3148 691c
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratek (average annual %)1.31.61.4
    Urban population (% of total population)70.873.675.6c
    Urban population growth ratek (average annual %)2.12.4...
    Fertility rate, totalk (live births per woman)2.22.12.1
    Life expectancy at birthk (females/males, years)76.9 / 69.978.7 / 72.480.2 / 74.3
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)26.9 / 10.425.6 / 11.523.9 / 13.1
    International migrant stockl (000/% of total pop.)1 367.0 / 1.94 346.2 / 5.55 876.8 / 7.0c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)17.8m1 985.33 940.1n,c
    Infant mortality ratek (per 1 000 live births)16.411.88.9
    Health: Current expenditurei (% of GDP)5.14.14.2a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)1.71.81.8a
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)2.8o......
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)100.6 / 102.0102.7 / 103.492.7 / 93.6a
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)80.5 / 87.9101.5 / 104.2103.4 / 108.5a
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)4.22.82.6d
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)9.114.417.3p
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)39.8q,r53.7q71d
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.80.91a
    Threatened species (number)150370435
    Forested area (% of land area)14.615.215.2i,a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)267.8 / 3.7319.0 / 4.1378.6 / 4.7a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)1 3551 3171 527a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)616976a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borderss (000)31 36439 47845 768d
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)2.32.32.3c
    Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)66.6 / ...69.5 / ...69.6 / ...a
    Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)0.130.50.95a
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)0.140.250.16d
Data provided by UNdata