Skip to main content

    General Information
    Region    South America
    Population (000, 2020)   28 436
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   32.2
    Capital city    Caracas
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   2 935.5b,c
    UN membership date    15-Nov-45
    Surface area (km2)   912 050a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   96.8
    National currency    BolÌvar (VEF)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   10a
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)393 806344 417208 338d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)-1.5-6.2-18d
    GDP per capita (current US$)13 846.911 449.37 212.2d
    Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)5.76.35.9d
    Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)5130.535.4d
    Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)39.848.348.4d
    Employment in agriculturee (% of employed)8.37.48.4
    Employment in industrye (% of employed)21.820.316.1
    Employment in servicese (% employed)69.972.375.5
    Unemploymente (% of labour force)7.17.49.4
    Labour force participation ratee (female/male pop. %)49.5 / 78.449.2 / 76.845.2 / 74.3
    CPI: Consumer Price Indexf (2010=100)1007721 932g,c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)111120109h
    International trade: exports (million current US$)66 96337 236e3 783e,c
    International trade: imports (million current US$)32 34340 146e1 051e,c
    International trade: balance (million current US$)34 620- 2 910e2 732e,c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)5 585- 16 051- 3 870h
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratei (average annual %)1.51.1-1.1
    Urban population (% of total population)88.188.288.2c
    Urban population growth ratei (average annual %)1.61.4...
    Fertility rate, totali (live births per woman)2.52.42.3
    Life expectancy at birthi (females/males, years)77.0 / 69.277.0 / 69.476.1 / 68.4
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)29.9 / 8.428.4 / 9.627.3 / 12.1
    International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)1 347.3 / 4.71 404.4 / 4.71 375.7 / 4.8c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)217.4j174.9452.6c
    Infant mortality ratei (per 1 000 live births)14.81525.7
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)6.85.1k1.2k,a
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)6.9l......
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)101.3 / 104.299.8 / 102.096.0 / 98.3a
    Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)86.6 / 79.094.5 / 87.791.6 / 84.7a
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)100.3 / 59.3e,m... / ...... / ...
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)465236.7d
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)17.51722.2n
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)37.4e64e72a
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)0.20.3o...
    Threatened species (number)270312379
    Forested areae (% of land area)53.952.952.9a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)171.5 / 5.9140.5 / 4.5113.7 / 3.6a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)7 9487 3616 055a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)1067965a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)526789427a
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)52.552.552.5c
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)0.010.01o...
Data provided by UNdata