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    General Information
    Region    South-eastern Asia
    Population (000, 2020)   97 339
    Pop. density (per km2, 2020)   313.9
    Capital city    Hanoi
    Capital city pop. (000, 2020)   4 479.6b,c
    UN membership date    20-Sep-77
    Surface area (km2)   330 967a
    Sex ratio (m per 100 f)   99.7
    National currency    Dong (VND)
    Exchange rate (per US$)   23 155.0c
    Economic indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)115 932193 241244 901d
    GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)6.46.77.1d
    GDP per capita (current US$)1 317.92 085.12 563.2d
    Economy: Agriculturee,f (% of Gross Value Added)2118.916.2d
    Economy: Industryf,g (% of Gross Value Added)36.73738.1d
    Economy: Services and other activitye,f,h,i (% of GVA)55.357.861.6d
    Employment in agriculture (% of employed)48.74436.2j
    Employment in industry (% of employed)21.722.728.4j
    Employment in services (% employed)29.633.235.4j
    Unemploymentj (% of labour force)1.12.12
    Labour force participation ratej (female/male pop. %)71.4 / 81.473.3 / 83.372.6 / 82.2
    CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)100145164c
    Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)120140138k
    International trade: exports (million current US$)72 237162 017264 610c
    International trade: imports (million current US$)84 839165 776253 442c
    International trade: balance (million current US$)- 12 602- 3 75911 168c
    Balance of payments, current account (million US$)- 4 276- 2 0415 899d
    Social indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Population growth ratel (average annual %)111
    Urban population (% of total population)30.433.836.6c
    Urban population growth ratel (average annual %)3.13.2...
    Fertility rate, totall (live births per woman)1.922.1
    Life expectancy at birthl (females/males, years)78.7 / 70.479.1 / 70.879.4 / 71.2
    Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)23.6 / 8.823.0 / 10.223.2 / 12.3
    International migrant stockm,n (000/% of total pop.)61.8 / 0.172.8 / 0.176.1 / 0.1c
    Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)12.1o1134.1c
    Infant mortality ratel (per 1 000 live births)1917.916.7
    Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)65.75.5a
    Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)0.70.80.8k
    Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)5.15.7p4.3k
    Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)103.2 / 108.1110.1 / 109.7111.9 / 109.5d
    Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)23.0 / 22.629.2 / 29.031.7 / 25.5k
    Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)1.51.5q...
    Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)25.824.326.7r
    Environment and infrastructure indicators
    2010 2015 2020
    Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)30.645s70.3d
    Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)...0.40.5a
    Threatened species (number)424565738
    Forested areaj (% of land area)45.647.647.6a
    CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)126.7 / 1.4182.6 / 2.0191.2 / 2.0a
    Energy production, primary (Petajoules)2 7473 0822 812a
    Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)263231a
    Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)5 0507 94415 498d
    Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)30.339.239.2c
    Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)2.481.730.71d
Data provided by UNdata