Glossary term(s): risk management sustainable use Explore content Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced. Terms: forest conservation, habitat loss, protection of habitat Indicator 5.1: Trends in extinction risk and populations of habitat specialist species in each major habitat type Terms: protection of habitat, protection of species, threatened species Specific Indicator 5.1.2: Living Planet Index (forest specialists) Specific Indicator 5.1.3: Species Habitat Index Specific Indicator 5.1.1: Red List Index (forest specialists) Indicator 5.2: Trends in fragmentation of forest and other natural habitats Terms: forest ecosystem, land degradation Indicator 5.3: Trends in degradation of forest and other natural habitats Terms: deforestation, forest ecosystem, land degradation Specific Indicator 5.3.2: Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area Specific Indicator 5.3.1: Biodiversity Habitat Index Indicator 5.4: Trends in extent of forest Terms: forest conservation Specific Indicator 5.4.2: Forest area as a percentage of total land area Specific Indicator 5.4.3: Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type Specific Indicator 5.4.4: Progress towards sustainable forest management Specific Indicator 5.4.1: Trends in tree cover Indicator 5.5: Trends in extent of natural habitats other than forest Terms: ecosystem preservation, protection of habitat Specific Indicator 5.5.2: Natural habitat extent (land area minus urban and agriculture) Specific Indicator 5.5.3: Wetland extent Specific Indicator 5.5.1: Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time Target 6: By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits. Terms: Maximum Sustainable Yield, ecosystem approach, fisheries management, overfishing, sustainable use, threatened species, vulnerable ecosystem Indicator 6.1: Trends in proportion of depleted, target and bycatch species with recovery plans Terms: by-catch, fisheries management Specific Indicator 6.1.1: Number of countries with regulations requiring recovering of depleted species Specific Indicator 6.1.2: Proportion of depleted stocks with rebuilding plans in place Indicator 6.2: Trends in certified sustainable fisheries Terms: fisheries management, sustainable use Specific Indicator 6.2.1: MSC certified catch Indicator 6.3: Trends in catch per unit effort Terms: fisheries management Specific Indicator 6.3.1: Estimated fisheries catch and fishing effort Specific Indicator 6.3.2: Progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/regulatory/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries Indicator 6.4: Trends in population and extinction risk in target and bycatch species Terms: by-catch, fisheries management, risk management, threatened species Specific Indicator 6.4.1: Red List Index (harvested aquatic species) Specific Indicator 6.4.2: Number of countries with policies that make adequate provisions to minimize the impact of fisheries on threatened species Specific Indicator 6.4.3: Proportion of fisheries with regular monitoring and reporting of impacts on threatened species Specific Indicator 6.4.4: Proportion of threatened species for which mortality rate due to fisheries is decreasing Specific Indicator 6.4.5: Number of countries with policies to secure that mortalities are accounted for and kept within safe biological limits Specific Indicator 6.4.6: Trends in population of non-target species affected by fisheries Specific Indicator 6.4.8: Living Planet Index (trends in target and bycatch species) Specific Indicator 6.4.7: Red List Index (impact of fisheries) Indicator 6.5: Trends in fishing practices Terms: fisheries management, fishing method Specific Indicator 6.5.1: Global effect in bottom trawling Specific Indicator 6.5.2: Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing Specific Indicator 6.5.3: Amount (spatial extent, gear type, intensity) of fishing effort within vulnerable habitats Specific Indicator 6.5.4: Number of countries with ecosystem impact monitoring and/or assessment programmes Specific Indicator 6.5.5: Number of countries with legislation allowing for action for the protection of vulnerable habitats (including VMEs), and addressing threats to ecosystem structure and function Specific Indicator 6.5.6: Coverage of fisheries with management measures to effectively manage bycatch and reduce discards Specific Indicator 6.5.7: Number and coverage of stocks with adaptive management systems/plans Indicator 6.6: Trends in proportion of fish stocks outside safe biological limits Terms: fisheries management, threatened species Specific Indicator 6.6.1: Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Terms: agriculture, aquaculture, conservation, forest management, sustainable use Indicator 7.1: Trends in proportion of area of agriculture under sustainable practices Terms: agriculture, sustainable production Specific Indicator 7.1.1: Areas of agricultural land under organic production Specific Indicator 7.1.2: Areas of agricultural land under conservation Specific Indicator 7.1.3: Areas of agricultural land under productive and sustainable agriculture Indicator 7.2: Trends in extinction risk and populations of forest-specialist species in production forest Terms: forest management, threatened species Indicator 7.3: Trends in proportion of area of forest production under sustainable practices Terms: forest management, sustainable production Specific Indicator 7.3.1: Area of forest under sustainable management certification Terms: certification, forest conservation Specific Indicator 7.3.2: Progress towards sustainable forest management Specific Indicator 7.3.3: Wild Bird Index for specialists forest birds/Living Planet Index (forest specialists) Indicator 7.4: Trends in proportion of production of aquaculture under sustainable practices Terms: aquaculture, sustainable production Indicator 7.5: Trends in extinction risk and populations of agro-ecosystem associated species Terms: agro-ecosystem, threatened species Specific Indicator 7.5.1: Wild Bird Index for farmland birds/Living Planet Index (farmland specialists) Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity. Terms: ecosystem preservation, fertilizer, pollution Indicator 8.2: Trends in ecosystems affected by pollution Terms: ecosystem, pollution Specific Indicator 8.2.1: Water Quality Index for Biodiversity Indicator 8.3: Trends in pollutants Terms: hazardous substance Specific Indicator 8.3.6: Index of Coastal Eutrophication (ICEP) and Floating Plastic Debris Density Specific Indicator 8.3.7: Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution Specific Indicator 8.3.8: Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe WASH services) Specific Indicator 8.3.9: Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning Specific Indicator 8.3.1: Trends in emissions, NOX Specific Indicator 8.3.2: Trends in emissions, SOX Specific Indicator 8.3.3: Trends in emissions, POPs Specific Indicator 8.3.4: Trends in mercury emissions Specific Indicator 8.3.5: Trends in pesticide use Indicator 8.4: Trends in nutrient levels Terms: fertilizer Specific Indicator 8.4.3: Trends in global surplus of nitrogen Specific Indicator 8.4.1: Trends in nitrogen deposition Specific Indicator 8.4.5: Percentage of wastewater safely treated (6.3) Specific Indicator 8.4.4: Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality (6.3) Specific Indicator 8.4.2: Trends in loss of reactive nitrogen to the environment Indicator 8.1: Trends in extinction risk and populations driven by pollution Terms: pollution, threatened species Specific Indicator 8.1.1: Red List Index (impacts of pollution) Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment. Terms: invasive species, protection of species Indicator 9.2: Trends in the numbers of invasive alien species introduction and establishment events Terms: invasive species Specific Indicator 9.2.1: Trends in the numbers of invasive alien species introduction events Indicator 9.3: Trends in extinction risk and populations driven by invasive alien species impacts Terms: invasive species, threatened species Specific Indicator 9.3.1: Red List Index (impacts of invasive alien species) Indicator 9.4: Trends in identification and prioritization of invasive alien species Terms: invasive species Indicator 9.5: Trends in the distribution and populations of invasive alien species Terms: invasive species Indicator 9.6: Trends in eradication of priority invasive alien species Terms: invasive species, management Specific Indicator 9.6.1: Trends in invasive alien species vertebrate eradications Indicator 9.7: Trends in impacts of invasive alien species on ecosystems Terms: ecosystem, invasive species Indicator 9.1: Trends in implementation of policy responses preventing the introduction and establishment of invasive alien species Terms: implementation, invasive species, national strategy, protection of species Specific Indicator 9.1.1: Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning. Terms: climate change, coral reef, ocean acidification, vulnerable ecosystem Indicator 10.2: Trends in extinction risk and populations of coral and coral-reef dependent species Terms: coral reef, threatened species Specific Indicator 10.2.1: Red List Index (reef-building coral species) Indicator 10.3: Trends in pressures on coral reefs Terms: coral reef Specific Indicator 10.3.1: Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations Indicator 10.4: Trends in responses to reduce pressures on coral reefs Terms: coral reef, risk management Indicator 10.5: Trends in extent and condition of other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification Terms: climate change, ocean acidification, vulnerable ecosystem Indicator 10.6: Trends in species extinction risk and populations or condition of other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification Terms: climate change, ocean acidification, threatened species, vulnerable ecosystem Specific Indicator 10.6.1: Climatic Impact Index for birds Specific Indicator 10.6.2: Red List Index (impacts of climate change) Indicator 10.7: Trends in pressures on other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification Terms: climate change, ocean acidification, vulnerable ecosystem Indicator 10.8: Trends in responses to reduce pressures on other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification Terms: climate change, ocean acidification, vulnerable ecosystem Indicator 10.2: Trends in extinction risk and populations of coral and coral-reef dependent species Indicator 10.1: Trends in extent and condition of coral reefs Terms: coral reef Specific Indicator 10.1.1: Trends in proportion of live coral cover