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Global Environmental Goals
Goal: States and subregional and regional fisheries management organizations should apply a precautionary approach widely to conservation, management and exploitation of living aquatic resources in order to protect them and preserve the aquatic environment, taking account of the best scientific evidence available.
Goal: Convinced of the need to ensure that adequate compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by pollution resulting from the escape or discharge of oil from ships
Goal: Ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources
Goal: The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.
Goal: Maintain capacity of ecosystems to deliver goods and services and support livelihoods
Goal: Maintain socio-cultural diversity of indigenous and local communities
Goal: The Contracting States, Recognizing that wild fauna and flora in their many beautiful and varied forms are an irreplaceable part of the natural systems of the earth which must be protected for this and the generations to come; Conscious of the ever-growing value of wild fauna and flora from aesthetic, scientific, cultural, recreational and economic points of view; Recognizing that peoples and States are and should be the best protectors of their own wild fauna and flora; Recognizing, in addition, that international co-operation is essential for the protection of certain species of wild fauna and flora against over-exploitation through international trade; Convinced of the urgency of taking appropriate measures to this end
Goal: We commit ourselves to respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, understanding and respecting ecosystem integrity and addressing the gap between the current reality and our ambition to elevate global efforts to achieve the sound management of chemicals
Goal: Appropriate alternatives should be sought for those products where exposure to lead can be neither controlled nor managed.
Goal: To establish within the [Southern African Development Community] Region and within the framework of the respective national laws of each State Party, common approaches to the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife resources and to assist with the effective enforcement of laws governing those resources.
Goal: The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol. Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, paragraph 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above.
Goal: Ministers and Government Representatives agree to build upon the results and agreements reached at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (1992), the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals (2000), and the World Summit for Sustainable Development (2002). They reaffirm their commitment to substantially increase with a sense of urgency the global share of renewable energy in the total energy supply. They share the vision that renewable energies, combined with increased energy efficiency, will become a most important and widely available source of energy and will offer new opportunities for cooperation among all countries.
Goal: States have the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment.
Goal: The objective of this Protocol is to promote at all appropriate levels, nationally as well as in transboundary and international contexts, the protection of human health and well-being, both individual and collective, within a framework of sustainable development, through improving water management, including the protection of water ecosystems, and through preventing, controlling and reducing water-related disease.
Goal: Promote equitable access to land and clear and secure land tenure, in particular for women, indigenous peoples and other vulnerable groups
Goal: Considering that protection of the environment and sustainable development can also contribute to human well-being and potentially to the enjoyment of human rights Reaffirms that everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms and calls upon States to take all necessary and appropriate measures to protect the exercise of everyone’s human rights when promoting environmental protection and sustainable development Stresses the importance for States, when developing their environmental policies, to take into account how environmental degradation may affect all members of society,
Goal: Access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice: In order to contribute to the protection of the right of every person of present and future generations to live in an environment adequate to his or her health and well-being, each Party shall guarantee the rights of access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice in environmental matters (Note: open for accession by States outside of the region)
Goal: Convinced that imposing criminal or administrative sanctions on legal persons can play an effective role in the prevention of environmental violations and noting the growing international trend in this regard
Goal: The objective of this Agreement is to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks through effective implementation of the relevant provisions of the Convention.
Goal: Promote measures to prevent and eliminate pollution caused by dumping from ships and aircrafts
Goal: The international community commits itself to continuing to support the efforts of small island developing States to develop human and institutional capacity through: Investing in appropriate training focusing on waste management, disaster management, health care, insurance, among others, and involving small island developing States NGOs and community groups;
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: The overall objectives of endogenous capacity-building in this programme area are to develop and improve national and related subregional and regional capacities and capabilities for sustainable development, with the involvement of the non-governmental sectors.
Goal: Improve policy and decision-making at all levels through, inter alia, improved collaboration between natural and social scientists, and between scientists and policy makers,
Goal: The objective of this Agreement is to prevent and monitor transboundary haze pollution as a result of land and/or forest fires which should be mitigated, through concerted national efforts and intensified regional and international co operation. This should be pursued in the overall context of sustainable development and in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
Goal: Parties shall take co-ordinated measures to maintain migratory waterbird species in a favourable conservation status or to restore them to such a status.
Goal: National laws or regulations shall prescribe the measures to be taken for the prevention and control of, and protection of workers against, health hazards due to occupational exposure to asbestos
Goal: The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof. The specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and of those Parties, especially developing country Parties, that would have to bear a disproportionate or abnormal burden under the Convention, should be given full consideration. The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects.
Goal: Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is of high priority for all countries. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable, especially the least developed countries and small island developing States. Adaptation requires urgent attention and action on the part of all countries. Effective and result-based measures should be supported for the development of approaches at all levels on vulnerability and adaptation, as well as capacity-building for the integration of adaptation concerns into sustainable development strategies. The measures should include full implementation of existing commitments under the Convention and the Marrakesh Accords
Goal: Support the transition to the cleaner use of liquid and gaseous fossil fuels, where considered more environmentally sound, socially acceptable and cost-effective
Goal: States […] commit themselves in accordance with their policies, priorities and resources, to prevent, reduce and control degradation of the marine environment so as to maintain and improve its life-support and productive capacities. To this end, it is necessary to: (a) Apply preventive, precautionary and anticipatory approaches so as to avoid degradation of the marine environment, as well as to reduce the risk of long-term or irreversible adverse effects upon it; (b) Ensure prior assessment of activities that may have significant adverse impacts upon the marine environment; (c) Integrate protection of the marine environment into relevant general environmental, social and economic development policies; (d) Develop economic incentives, where appropriate, to apply clean technologies and other means consistent with the internalization of environmental costs, such as the polluter pays principle, so as to avoid degradation of the marine environment; (e) Improve the living standards of coastal populations, particularly in developing countries, so as to contribute to reducing the degradation of the coastal and marine environment.
Goal: To reverse the current trend in natural resource degradation […] to protect ecosystems and to achieve integrated management of land, water and living resources
Goal: The priority in combating desertification should be the implementation of preventive measures for lands that are not yet degraded, or which are only slightly degraded. However, the severely degraded areas should not be neglected. In combating desertification and drought, the participation of local communities, rural organizations, national Governments, non-governmental organizations and international and regional organizations is essential.
Goal: Affirming that the transboundary and national movements, and the dumping of toxic and dangerous products and wastes may constitute a serious threat to human rights, including the right to life, the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, food, adequate housing and work, access to information, and to safe drinking water and sanitation, public participation and the right to development
Goal: The objective of this Protocol is to enhance public access to information through the establishment of coherent, integrated, nationwide pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol, which could facilitate public participation in environmental decision-making as well as contribute to the prevention and reduction of pollution of the environment.
Goal: 1. The Parties shall, either individually or jointly, take all appropriate and effective measures to prevent, reduce and control significant adverse transboundary environmental impact from proposed activities. 2. Each Party shall take the necessary legal, administrative or other measures to implement the provisions of this Convention, including, with respect to proposed activities listed in Appendix I that are likely to cause significant adverse transboundary impact, the establishment of an environmental impact assessment procedure that permits public participation and preparation of the environmental impact assessment documentation described in Appendix II. 3. The Party of origin shall ensure that in accordance with the provisions of this Convention an environmental impact assessment is undertaken prior to a decision to authorize or undertake a proposed activity listed in Appendix I that is likely to cause a significant adverse transboundary impact. 4. The Party of origin shall, consistent with the provisions of this Convention, ensure that affected Parties are notified of a proposed activity listed in Appendix I that is likely to cause a significant adverse transboundary impact. 5. Concerned Parties shall, at the initiative of any such Party, enter into discussions on whether one or more proposed activities not listed in Appendix I is or are likely to cause a significant adverse transboundary impact and thus should be treated as if it or they were so listed. Where those Parties so agree, the activity or activities shall be thus treated. General guidance for identifying criteria to determine significant adverse impact is set forth in Appendix III. 6. The Party of origin shall provide, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, an opportunity to the public in the areas likely to be affected to participate in relevant environmental impact assessment procedures regarding proposed activities and shall ensure that the opportunity provided to the public of the affected Party is equivalent to that provided to the public of the Party of origin. 7. Environmental impact assessments as required by this Convention shall, as a minimum requirement, be undertaken at the project level of the proposed activity. To the extent appropriate, the Parties shall endeavour to apply the principles of environmental impact assessment to policies, plans and programmes. 8. The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the right of Parties to implement national laws, regulations, administrative provisions or accepted legal practices protecting information the supply of which would be prejudicial to industrial and commercial secrecy or national security. 9. The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the right of particular Parties to implement, by bilateral or multilateral agreement where appropriate, more stringent measures than those of this Convention. 10. The provisions of this Convention shall not prejudice any obligations of the Parties under international law with regard to activities having or likely to have a transboundary impact. 1. The Parties shall ensure that, in the final decision on the proposed activity, due account is taken of the outcome of the environmental impact assessment, including the environmental impact assessment documentation, as well as the comments thereon received pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 8 and Article 4, paragraph 2, and the outcome of the consultations as referred to in Article 5. 2. The Party of origin shall provide to the affected Party the final decision on the proposed activity along with the reasons and considerations on which it was based. 3. If additional information on the significant transboundary impact of a proposed activity, which was not available at the time a decision was made with respect to that activity and which could have materially affected the decision, becomes available to a concerned Party before work on that activity commences, that Party shall immediately inform the other concerned Party or Parties. If one of the concerned Parties so requests, consultations shall be held as to whether the decision needs to be revised.
Goal: Preserve habitats and other ecologically sensitive areas Preserve rare or fragile ecosystems, as well as habitats and other ecologically sensitive areas.
Goal: States shall cooperate with a view to the conservation of marine mammals and in the case of cetaceans shall in particular work through the appropriate international organizations for their conservation, management and study.
Goal: Conscious of the need for further and more particular measures to prevent and control marine pollution from exploration and exploitation of the sea bed and its subsoil
Goal: Negotiate within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, bearing in mind the Bonn Guidelines, an international regime to promote and safeguard the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources\"
Goal: We recognise that] the sustainable use, development and conservation of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture will require the support and participation of farmers, pastoralists and breeders; local and indigenous communities; organizations and institutions; the Private sector; and civil society. We recognize the need to promote technical and financial cooperation at regional and international level among countries, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector.
Goal: Living resources shall not be utilized in excess of their natural capacity for regeneration
Goal: Improve access by developing countries to affordable, accessible, cost effective, safe and environmentally sound alternatives to ozone-depleting substances by 2010, and assist them in complying with the phase-out schedule under the Montreal Protocol, bearing in mind that ozone depletion and climate change are scientifically and technically interrelated
Goal: 1. Each Contracting Party shall designate suitable wetlands within its territory for inclusion in a List of Wetlands of International Importance […] 2. Wetlands should be selected for the List on account of their international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. In the first instance wetlands of international importance to waterfowl at any season should be included. 1. The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory. 2. Each Contracting Party shall arrange to be informed at the earliest possible time if the ecological character of any wetland in its territory and included in the List has changed, is changing or is likely to change as the result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference. Information on such changes shall be passed without delay to the organization or government responsible for the continuing bureau duties specified in Article 8. 1. Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands […] 3. The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna. 4. The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands. 5. The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.
Goal: We are unwavering in our commitment to promoting the sound management of chemicals and hazardous wastes throughout their life-cycle, in accordance with Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, in particular paragraph 23. We are convinced that the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management constitutes a significant contribution towards the internationally agreed development goals set out in the Millennium Declaration. It builds upon previous international initiatives on chemical safety and promotes the development of a multi- and cross-sectoral and participatory strategic approach
Goal: Pesticides: The Code describes the shared responsibility of many sectors of society to work together so that the benefits to be derived from the necessary and acceptable use of pesticides are achieved without significant adverse effects on human health or the environment. To this end, all references in this Code to a government or governments shall be deemed to apply equally to regional groupings of governments for matters falling within their areas of competence.
Goal: The objectives of this Convention are: (i) to achieve and maintain a high level of safety worldwide in spent fuel and radioactive waste management […]; (ii) to ensure that during all stages of spent fuel and radioactive waste management there are effective defenses against potential hazards so that individuals, society and the environment are protected from harmful effects of ionizing radiation, now and in the future, in such a way that the needs and aspirations of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations; (iii) to prevent accidents with radiological consequences and to mitigate their consequences should they occur during any stage of spent fuel or radioactive waste management.
Goal: Remain deeply concerned that all countries, particularly developing countries, including the least developed countries and small island States, face increased risk of negative impacts of climate change Recognize that, in this context, the problems of poverty, land degradation, access to water and food and human health remain at the centre of global attention; therefore, the synergies between the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, should continue to be explored through various channels, in order to achieve sustainable development
Goal: \"Small island developing States are committed, with the necessary support of the international community, to develop and implement integrated energy programmes. These programmes should include, inter alia, comprehensive assessments of small island developing States energy resources, current and projected patterns of energy use, enhancing energy efficiency, and promote the development and use of renewable energy as well as advanced clean energy technologies that are affordable and readily adaptable to the circumstances of small island developing States. Regional development banks have an important role in this process. Support for technology transfer on mutually agreed terms and for capacity-building are important.\"
Goal: We must spare no effort to free all of humanity, and above all our children and grandchildren, from the threat of living on a planet irredeemably spoilt by human activities, and whose resources would no longer be sufficient for their needs.
Goal: The broad objective is to facilitate allocation of land to the uses that provide the greatest sustainable benefits and to promote the transition to a sustainable and integrated management of land resources.
Goal: [46. Mining, minerals and metals are important to the economic and social development of many countries. Minerals are essential for modern living.] Enhancing the contribution of mining, minerals and metals to sustainable development [includes actions at all levels to: …]
Goal: Concerned that climate change poses an immediate and far-reaching threat to people and communities around the world and has implications for the full enjoyment of human rights,
Goal: Each Party shall ensure that its laws, regulations, procedures and administrative rulings of general application respecting any matter covered by this Agreement are promptly published or otherwise made available in such a manner as to enable interested persons and Parties to become acquainted with them.
Goal: Preserve habitats and other ecologically sensitive areas Preserve rare or fragile ecosystems, as well as habitats and other ecologically sensitive areas.
Goal: Maintain or restore populations of marine species at levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors, taking into consideration relationships among species
Goal: Recognizing the interest of the nations of the world in safeguarding for future generations the great natural resources represented by the whale stocks
Goal: The economic consequences of pollution damage resulting from the carriage of oil in bulk at sea by ships should continue to be shared by the shipping industry and by the oil cargo interests
Goal: All Parties shall take appropriate legal, administrative and other measures within the area under their jurisdiction to prohibit the import of all hazardous wastes, for any reason, into Africa from non-Contracting Parties […] [(a) Parties, in conformity with related international conventions and instruments shall, in the exercise of their jurisdiction within their internal waters, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and continental shelf, adopt legal, administrative and other appropriate measures to control all carriers from non-Parties, and] prohibit the dumping at sea of hazardous wastes, including their incineration at sea and their disposal in the seabed and sub-seabed. Any dumping of hazardous wastes at sea, including incineration at sea as well as seabed and sub-seabed disposal, by Contracting Parties, whether in internal waters, territorial seas, exclusive economic zones or high seas all be deemed to be illegal; (b) impose strict, unlimited liability as well as joint and several liability of hazardous waste generators; (c) ensure that the generation of hazardous wastes within the area under its jurisdiction is reduced to a minimum taking into account social, technological and economic aspects; (d) ensure the availability of adequate treatment and/or disposal facilities, for the environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes which shall be located, to the extent possible, within its jurisdiction; (e) ensure that persons involved in the management of hazardous wastes within its jurisdiction take such steps as are necessary to prevent pollution arising from such wastes and, if such pollution occurs, to minimize the consequence thereof for human health and the environment; (f) Each Party shall strive to adopt and implement the preventive, precautionary approach to pollution problems which entails, inter alia, preventing the release into the environment of substances which may cause harm to humans or the environment without waiting for scientific proof regarding such harm. The Parties shall cooperate with each other in taking the appropriate measures to implement the precautionary principle to pollution prevention through the application of clean production methods, rather than the pursuit of permissible emissions approach based on assimilative capacity assumption; (g) In this respect Parties shall promote clean production methods applicable to entire product life cycles [including ….]
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: Recognize that a substantial increase in official development assistance and other resources will be required if developing countries are to achieve the internationally agreed development goals and objectives, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration. To build support for official development assistance, we will cooperate to further improve policies and development strategies, both nationally and internationally, to enhance aid effectiveness,
Goal: Assist developing countries, through international cooperation, in enhancing their capacity in their efforts to address issues pertaining to environmental protection, including in their formulation and implementation of policies for environmental management and protection,
Goal: 1. Each Contracting Party undertakes to provide, in accordance with its capabilities, financial support and incentives in respect of those national activities which are intended to achieve the objectives of this Convention, in accordance with its national plans, priorities and programmes. 2. The developed country Parties shall provide new and additional financial resources to enable developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs to them of implementing measures which fulfil the obligations of this Convention and to benefit from its provisions and which costs are agreed between a developing country Party and the institutional structure referred to in Article 21, in accordance with policy, strategy, programme priorities and eligibility criteria and an indicative list of incremental costs established by the Conference of the Parties. Other Parties, including countries undergoing the process of transition to a market economy, may voluntarily assume the obligations of the developed country Parties. For the purpose of this Article, the Conference of the Parties, shall at its first meeting establish a list of developed country Parties and other Parties which voluntarily assume the obligations of the developed country Parties. The Conference of the Parties shall periodically review and if necessary amend the list. Contributions from other countries and sources on a voluntary basis would also be encouraged. The implementation of these commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy, predictability and timely flow of funds and the importance of burden-sharing among the contributing Parties included in the list. 3. The developed country Parties may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources related to the implementation of this Convention through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels.
Goal: achieve and maintain a favourable conservation status for albatrosses and petrels
Goal: Each Party to this Convention undertakes to give full and complete effect to its provisions in order to reduce or eliminate adverse effects on the marine environment and human health caused by anti-fouling systems.
Goal: Determined to protect, by strict control, human health and the environment against the adverse effects which may result from the generation and management of hazardous wastes and other wastes
Goal: Urges the international community to provide effective and timely support to countries affected by sea-level rise, particularly developing countries, in their efforts to develop and implement strategies to protect themselves and their vulnerable natural marine ecosystems from the particular threats of sea-level rise caused by climate change
Goal: Small island developing States are committed, with the required support of the international community, to strengthen ongoing and support new efforts on energy supply and services, including the promotion of demonstration projects.
Goal: Protect and preserve the ecosystems of international watercourses
Goal: Desertification: The objective of this Convention is to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought in countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa, through effective action at all levels, supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements, in the framework of an integrated approach which is consistent with Agenda 21, with a view to contributing to the achievement of sustainable development in affected areas
Goal: Obligations of affected country Parties In addition to their obligations pursuant to article 4, affected country Parties undertake to: (a) give due priority to combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought, and allocate adequate resources in accordance with their circumstances and capabilities; (b) establish strategies and priorities, within the framework of sustainable development plans and/or policies, to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought; (c) address the underlying causes of desertification and pay special attention to the socio-economic factors contributing to desertification processes; (d) promote awareness and facilitate the participation of local populations, particularly women and youth, with the support of nongovernmental organizations, in efforts to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought; and (e) provide an enabling environment by strengthening, as appropriate, relevant existing legislation and, where they do not exist, enacting new laws and establishing long-term policies and action programmes.
Goal: Military activities: Military activities damaging to nature shall be avoided.
Goal: Each Party shall ensure that its administrative, quasi-judicial and judicial proceedings [...] are fair, open and equitable, and to this end shall provide that such proceedings […] are open to the public, except where the administration of justice otherwise requires
Goal: Ensuring the sustainable development of the oceans, seas, islands and coastal areas
Goal: States should identify marine ecosystems exhibiting high levels of biodiversity and productivity and other critical habitat areas and should provide necessary limitations on use in these areas, through, inter alia, designation of protected areas. Priority should be accorded, as appropriate, to: (a) Coral reef ecosystems; (b) Estuaries; (c) Temperate and tropical wetlands, including mangroves; (d) Seagrass beds; (e) Other spawning and nursery areas.
Goal: Desirous of protecting and preserving the Mediterranean Sea from pollution resulting from exploration and exploitation activities
Goal: Prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species
Goal: Establish or maintain means to regulate, manage or control the risks associated with the use and release of living modified organisms resulting from biotechnology which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account the risks to human health
Goal: Seek to prevent and control degradation and overexploitation of natural resources in poorly endowed, ecologically stressed areas.
Goal: The objectives of this Treaty are the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their use, in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, for sustainable agriculture and food security.
Goal: The Contracting Parties, taking due account of the facts and problems involved, are determined to protect man and his environment against air pollution and shall endeavour to limit and, as far as possible, gradually reduce and prevent air pollution including long-range transboundary air pollution.
Goal: Conservation of all species of Gorilla
Goal: Each State Party, during transportation, sampling, storage and destruction of chemical weapons, shall assign the highest priority to ensuring the safety of people and to protecting the environment.
Goal: Urges Governments, in keeping with their national policies, priorities and regulations, and intergovernmental organizations to collaborate in making every possible efforts to limit, reduce and prevent activities that could adversely affect climate, and calls upon nongovernmental organizations, industry and other productive sectors to play their due role
Goal: The international community should: (a) Fully implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and further promote international cooperation on climate change; (b) Continue to take, in accordance with the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol as applicable, steps to address climate change, including through: adaptation and mitigation in accordance with the principle of common but differentiate d responsibilities and respective capabilities; and the effective implementation of the Kyoto Protocol by those countries that have ratified it; (c) Promote increased energy efficiency and development and use of renewable energy as a matter of priority, as well as advanced and cleaner fossil fuel technologies, inter alia, through public and/or private partnerships, market -oriented approaches, as well as supportive public policies and international cooperation and support their use in small island developing States , where appropriate, and in accordance with their na tional policies; (d) Implement the Buenos Aires Programme of Action on Adaptation and Response Measures, in particular those elements that are relevant to small island developing States; (e) Work to facilitate and promote the development, transfer and dissemination to small island developing States of appropriate technologies and practices to address climate change; (f) Build and enhance scientific and technological capabilities, including in small island developing States , inter alia through continuing support to the IPCC for the exchange of scientific information and data, including where relevant to small island developing States ; (g) Enhance the implementation of national, regional and international strategies to monitor the Earth’s atmosphere, including as appropriate, strategies for integrated observations, inter alia with the cooperation of relevant international organizations; and work with small island developing States to strengthen their involvement in monitoring and observing systems, and enhance their access to and use of information.
Goal: Small island developing States and other international partners should work together to promote greater dissemination and application of small island developing States-appropriate energy technology and to strengthen existing mechanisms, such as the United Nations Renewable Energy Fund and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Energy Thematic Trust Fund, for this purpose. Small island developing States -small island developing States cooperation should be further pursued in areas where success has been achieved, such as a collaborative agency for financing small island developing States renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.
Goal: Prevent, reduce and control the pollution of an international watercourse
Goal: Promote and implement policies for the sustainable development of small island developing states with the support and cooperation of other nations
Goal: Obligations of developed country Parties In addition to their general obligations pursuant to article 4, developed country Parties undertake to: (a) actively support, as agreed, individually or jointly, the efforts of affected developing country Parties, particularly those in Africa, and the least developed countries, to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought; (b) provide substantial financial resources and other forms of support to assist affected developing country Parties, particularly those in Africa, effectively to develop and implement their own long-term plans and strategies to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought; (c) promote the mobilization of new and additional funding pursuant to article 20, paragraph 2 (b); (d) encourage the mobilization of funding from the private sector and other non-governmental sources; and (e) promote and facilitate access by affected country Parties, particularly affected developing country Parties, to appropriate technology, knowledge and know-how.
Goal: Governments should ascertain that their military establishments conform to their nationally applicable environmental norms in the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes.
Goal: Promote European landscape protection, management and planning at national and international levels; ensure that sustainable landscape policies are implemented and encourage cooperation between the signatories of the Convention;
Goal: Promote national, regional and international cooperation and coordination for developing and developed countries in the implementation of marine and coastal initiatives; reduce and prevent marine and coastal pollution; urge long term conservation.
Goal: States have the sovereign right to exploit their natural resources pursuant to their environmental policies and in accordance with their duty to protect and preserve the marine environment. Swiss: this is not a goal
Goal: The objective of this Convention is to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of the fishery resources in the Convention Area through the effective implementation of this Convention.
Goal: Recognizing the importance and urgency of preventing serious adverse effects of industrial accidents on human beings and the environment, and of promoting all measures that stimulate the rational, economic and efficient use of preventive, preparedness and response measures to enable environmentally sound and sustainable economic development The Parties shall, taking into account efforts already made at national and international levels, take appropriate measures and cooperate within the framework of this Convention, to protect human beings and the environment against industrial accidents by preventing such accidents as far as possible, by reducing their frequency and severity and by mitigating their effects. To this end, preventive, preparedness and response measures, including restoration measures, shall be applied.
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: Make full and effective use of existing financial mechanisms and institutions, […]
Goal: Enhance and accelerate human, institutional and infrastructure capacity-building initiatives and promote partnerships in that regard that respond to the specific needs of developing countries in the context of sustainable development.
Goal: 1. There shall be a mechanism for the provision of financial resources to developing country Parties for purposes of this Convention on a grant or concessional basis the essential elements of which are described in this Article. The mechanism shall function under the authority and guidance of, and be accountable to, the Conference of the Parties for purposes of this Convention. The operations of the mechanism shall be carried out by such institutional structure as may be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties at its first meeting. For purposes of this Convention, the Conference of the Parties shall determine the policy, strategy, programme priorities and eligibility criteria relating to the access to and utilization of such resources. The contributions shall be such as to take into account the need for predictability, adequacy and timely flow of funds referred to in Article 20 in accordance with the amount of resources needed to be decided periodically by the Conference of the Parties and the importance of burden-sharing among the contributing Parties included in the list referred to in Article 20, paragraph 2. Voluntary contributions may also be made by the developed country Parties and by other countries and sources. The mechanism shall operate within a democratic and transparent system of governance. […] The Contracting Parties shall consider strengthening existing financial institutions to provide financial resources for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
Goal: Conservation of Phoca vitulina vitulina (Common/Harbour Seal) occurring in the Wadden Sea
Goal: The objective of this Convention is to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among Parties in the international trade of certain hazardous chemicals in order to protect human health and the environment from potential harm and to contribute to their environmentally sound use, by facilitating information exchange about their characteristics, by providing for a national decision making process on their import and export and by disseminating these decisions to Parties.
Goal: Within the framework of integrated life-cycle management, […] prevent to the extent possible, and minimize, the generation of hazardous wastes, as well as to manage those wastes in such a way that they do not cause harm to health and the environment.
Goal: Small island developing States , with the necessary support of the international community, including through the facilitation and improvement of access to existing resources and, where appropriate, through allocation of dedicated financial resources, will as an integral component of their national sustainable development strategies, where appropriate, develop and implement national adaptation strategies and facilitate regional and inter-regional cooperation, including within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change .
Goal: To adequately address their most urgent sustainable development challenges, small island developing States, with the necessary support of the international community, including through the facilitation and improvement of access to existing resources and, where appropriate, through allocation of dedicated financial resources, will take action to:- address the energy vulnerability of small island developing States, to promote access to energy efficient technologies, renewable energy and advanced clean energy technologies that are affordable and readily adaptable to the special circumstances of small island developing States
Goal: [2. Watercourse States shall, at the request of any of them which has reasonable grounds to believe that it may suffer significant adverse effects, enter into consultations with regard to:] (a) The safe operation and maintenance of installations, facilities or other works related to an international watercourse; […]
Goal: Agriculture, grazing, forestry and fisheries practices shall be adapted to the natural characteristics and constraints of given areas
Goal: In implementing this Convention, the Parties shall give priority to affected African country Parties, in the light of the particular situation prevailing in that region, while not neglecting affected developing country Parties in other regions.
Goal: Reaffirms that international disarmament forums should take fully into account the relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation and that all States, through their actions, should contribute fully to ensuring compliance with the aforementioned norms in the implementation of treaties and conventions to which they are parties
Goal: Convinced of the need to provide for third party liability and environmental liability in order to ensure that adequate and prompt compensation is available for damage resulting from the transboundary movement and disposal of hazardous wastes and other wastes The objective of the Protocol is to provide for a comprehensive regime for liability and for adequate and prompt compensation for damage resulting from the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes and their disposal including illegal traffic in those wastes.
Goal: Ensure that ships are disposed of in a safe and environmentally friendly manner
Goal: Parties […] may take such measures as are necessary on the high seas to prevent, mitigate or eliminate grave and imminent danger to their coastline or related interests from pollution or threat of pollution by substances other than oil following upon a maritime casualty
Goal: The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding.
Goal: Control threats from invasive alien species.
Goal: Protect human health and the environment against adverse effects resulting or likely to result from human activities which modify or are likely to modify the ozone layer.
Goal: Convinced that conservation and effective management of migratory species of wild animals require the concerted action of all States within the national jurisdictional boundaries of which such species spend any part of their life cycle
Goal: Each Contracting Party undertakes to develop the best policies and strategies including air quality management systems and, as part of them, control measures compatible with balanced development, in particular by using the best available technology which is economically feasible and low- and non-waste technology.
Goal: The Parties shall take appropriate measures to enforce the provisions of the present Convention and to prohibit trade in specimens in violation thereof. These shall include measures: (a) to penalize trade in, or possession of, such specimens, or both; and (b) to provide for the confiscation or return to the State of export of such specimens.
Goal: Achieve the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle so that, by 2020, chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment.
Goal: A globally harmonized hazard classification and compatible labelling system, including material safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols, should be available, if feasible, by the year 2000.
Goal: To take all practicable steps to prevent the pollution of the sea by the dumping of waste and other matter that is liable to create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea.
Goal: Small island developing States, with assistance from regional development banks and other financial institutions, as appropriate, should coordinate further, on a regional basis, to establish or strengthen national and regional climate-change coordination mechanisms.
Goal: Small island developing States and relevant regional and international development partners should work together to: Promote access to technological system licenses, with due respect for the rights of license holders, including for management of waste as a resource, energy efficiency and renewable energy development, through mechanisms such as regional development banks;
Goal: To stop the unsustainable exploitation of water resources by developing water management strategies at the regional, national and local levels, which promote both equitable access and adequate supplies.
Goal: Develop and implement integrated land management and water-use plans that are based on sustainable use of renewable resources and on integrated assessments of socio-economic and environmental potentials
Goal: Combat desertification and promote land use sustainability
Goal: Each State Party, during transportation, sampling, storage and destruction of chemical weapons, shall assign the highest priority to ensuring the safety of people and to protecting the environment. Each State Party shall transport, sample, store and destroy chemical weapons in accordance with its national standards for safety and emissions
Goal: The purpose of this Convention is the prevention of major accidents involving hazardous substances and the limitation of the consequences of such accidents.
Goal: All States have the duty to take or to cooperate with other States in taking, such measures for their respective nationals as may be necessary for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas.
Goal: States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from land-based sources, including rivers, estuaries, pipelines and outfall structures, taking into account internationally agreed rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures.
Goal: The Parties undertake to cooperate closely in order to achieve and maintain a favorable conservation status for small cetaceans.
Goal: Regional: (UN/ECE) [The objective of the present Protocol is to] control emissions of heavy metals caused by anthropogenic activities that are subject to long range transboundary atmospheric transport and are likely to have significant adverse effects on human health or the environment
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: Explore ways of generating new public and private innovative sources of finance for development purposes, provided that those sources do not unduly burden developing countries,
Goal: Provide technical and financial assistance to developing countries, including through the strengthening of capacity-building efforts,
Goal: Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse, recycling and use of environmentally friendly alternative materials, with the participation of government authorities and all stakeholders, in order to minimize adverse effects on the environment and improve resource efficiency, with financial, technical and other assistance for developing countries.
Goal: Mindful of the precautionary approach as set forth in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the objective of this Convention is to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants.
Goal: Encourage countries to implement the new globally harmonized system for the classification and labelling of chemicals as soon as possible with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008
Goal: Also see section on Oceans and seas below. Contracting Parties shall individually and collectively protect and preserve the marine environment from all sources of pollution and take effective measures, according to their scientific, technical and economic capabilities, to prevent, reduce and where practicable eliminate pollution caused by dumping or incineration at sea of wastes or other matter. Where appropriate, they shall harmonize their policies in this regard.
Goal: The most effective way of protecting human health and the environment from the dangers posed by such wastes is the reduction of their generation to a minimum in terms of quantity and/or hazard potential
Goal: The international community commits itself to continuing to support the efforts of small island developing States to develop human and institutional capacity through: Investing in appropriate training focusing on energy and involving small island developing States NGOs and community groups;
Goal: Intensify water pollution prevention to reduce health hazards and protect ecosystems by introducing technologies for affordable sanitation and industrial and domestic wastewater treatment, by mitigating the effects of groundwater contamination and by establishing, at the national level, monitoring systems and effective legal frameworks.
Goal: Promote programmes to enhance in a sustainable manner the productivity of land and the efficient use of water resources in agriculture […] especially through indigenous and local community-based approaches
Goal: Develop international understanding, commitment and resolve towards ensuring the sustainability of the global environment in accordance with the Rio principles
Goal: Each State Party shall report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations as soon as practicable, and in any event not later than 180 days after the entry into force of this Convention, on: […] The status of programs for the destruction of anti-personnel mines in accordance with Articles 4 and 5, including details of the methods which will be used in destruction, the location of all destruction sites and the applicable safety and environmental standards to be observed
Goal: The objectives of this Convention are: (i) to achieve and maintain a high level of nuclear safety worldwide through the enhancement of national measures and international co operation including, where appropriate, safety-related technical co operation; (ii) to establish and maintain effective defences in nuclear installations against potential radiological hazards in order to protect individuals, society and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation from such installations; (iii) to prevent accidents with radiological consequences and to mitigate such consequences should they occur.
Goal: States shall cooperate with a view to the conservation of marine mammals and in the case of cetaceans shall in particular work through the appropriate international organizations for their conservation, management and study
Goal: Coastal States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment arising from or in connection with seabed activities subject to their jurisdiction and from artificial islands, installations and structures under their jurisdiction
Goal: Parties commit themselves to a more effective and coherent implementation of the three objectives of the Convention, to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth.
Goal: States shall take all measures necessary to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment resulting from the use of technologies under their jurisdiction or control, or the intentional or accidental introduction of species, alien or new, to a particular part of the marine environment, which may cause significant and harmful changes thereto.
Goal: In accordance with the precautionary approach contained in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the objective of this Protocol is to contribute to ensuring an adequate level of protection in the field of the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health, and specifically focusing on transboundary movements.
Goal: The Parties acknowledge the importance of migratory species being conserved and of Range States agreeing to take action to this end whenever possible and appropriate, paying special attention to migratory species the conservation status of which is unfavourable, and taking individually or in co-operation appropriate and necessary steps to conserve such species and their habitat.
Goal: We commit ourselves to achieving the sustainable use, development and conservation of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. We also commit ourselves to facilitating access to these resources and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from their use, consistent with relevant international obligations and national laws. Our objective is to enhance world food security, improve human nutritional status, and contribute to rural development.
Goal: Renew the commitment, as advanced in Agenda 21, to sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and of hazardous wastes for sustainable development as well as for the protection of human health and the environment, inter alia, aiming to achieve, by 2020, that chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, using transparent science-based risk assessment procedures and science-based risk management procedures, taking into account the precautionary approach, as set out in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and support developing countries in strengthening their capacity for the sound management of chemicals and hazardous wastes by providing technical and financial assistance.
Goal: The aims of this Convention are to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats, especially those species and habitats whose conservation requires the co operation of several States, and to promote such co operation.
Goal: Lead in paint [1. Endorses a global partnership to] promote phasing out the use of lead in paints as an important contribution to the implementation of paragraph 57 of the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and to the Strategic Approach;
Goal: The objectives of this programme area are […] to ensure that actual and potential atmospheric changes and their socio-economic and ecological impacts are fully taken into account in planning and implementing policies and programmes concerning terrestrial and marine resources utilization and land-use practices.
Goal: Small island developing States, with the necessary support of the international community, including through the facilitation and improvement of access to existing resources and, where appropriate, through allocation of dedicated financial resources, will take action on:- climate change adaptation and sea-level rise: as an integral component of their national sustainable development strategies, where appropriate, to develop and implement national adaptation strategies and facilitate regional and interregional cooperation, including within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and, inter alia , with support from the Least Developed Countries Fund and the Special Climate Change Fund, as appropriate; (f) Natural and environmental disasters : to develop partnerships to implement schemes that spread out risks, reduce insurance premiums, expand insurance coverage and thereby increase financing for post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation, and establish and strengthen effective early warning systems as well as other mitigation and response measures;
Goal: The objectives of this Protocol are: (a) the promotion of energy efficiency policies consistent with sustainable development; (b) the creation of framework conditions which induce producer and consumers to use energy as economically, efficiently and environmentally soundly as possible, particularly through the organization of efficient energy markets and a fuller reflection of environmental costs and benefits; and (c) the fostering of cooperation in the field of energy efficiency.
Goal: [By the year 2015] halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water
Goal: Enhance the participation of women in all aspects and at all levels relating to sustainable agriculture and food security
Goal: Fully implement the outcomes of the decision on international environmental governance adopted by the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme at its seventh special session
Goal: Recalling that it is prohibited to employ methods or means of warfare which are intended, or may be expected, to cause widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment
Goal: The States Parties shall cooperate between themselves [...] to facilitate prompt assistance in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency to minimize its consequences and to protect life, property and the environment from the effects of radioactive releases. Parties undertake, individually or jointly, to take all appropriate measures in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and the Annex thereto to prepare for and respond to an oil pollution incident.
Goal: Ensure that a global moratorium on a large-scale pelagic drift-net fishing is fully implemented in the high seas of the world’s oceans and seas, including enclosed seas and semi-enclosed seas by December 1992
Goal: States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment by dumping.
Goal: 16. We are committed to strengthening the capacities of all concerned to achieve the sound management of chemicals and hazardous wastes at all levels; We will continue to mobilize national and international financing from public and private sources for the life-cycle management of chemicals; 17. We will work towards closing the gaps and addressing the discrepancies in the capacity to achieve sustainable chemicals management between developed countries on the one hand and developing countries and countries with economies in transition on the other by addressing the special needs of the latter and strengthening their capacities for the sound management of chemicals and the development of safer alternative products and processes, including non-chemical alternatives, through partnerships, technical support and financial assistance; 18. We will work towards effective and efficient governance of chemicals management by means of transparency, public participation and accountability involving all sectors of society, in particular striving for the equal participation of women in chemicals management; 19. We will engage actively in partnerships between Governments, the private sector and civil society, including strengthening participation in the implementation of the Strategic Approach by small and medium-sized enterprises and the informal sector; 20. We stress the responsibility of industry to make available to stakeholders such data and information on health and environmental effects of chemicals as are needed safely to use chemicals and the products made from them; 21. We will facilitate public access to appropriate information and knowledge on chemicals throughout their life cycle, including the risks that they pose to human health and the environment; 22. We will ensure that, when information is made available, confidential commercial and industrial information and knowledge are protected in accordance with national laws or regulations or, in the absence of such laws and regulations, are protected in accordance with international provisions. In making information available, information on chemicals relating to the health and safety of humans and the environment should not be regarded as confidential; 23. We recognize the need to make special efforts to protect those groups in society that are particularly vulnerable to risks from hazardous chemicals or are highly exposed to them; 24. We are determined to protect children and the unborn child from chemical exposures that impair their future lives; 25. We will endeavour to prevent illegal traffic in toxic, hazardous, banned and severely restricted chemicals and chemical products and wastes; 26. We will promote the sound management of chemicals and hazardous waste as a priority in national, regional and international policy frameworks, including strategies for sustainable development, development assistance and poverty reduction; 27. We will strive to integrate the Strategic Approach into the work programmes of all relevant United Nations organizations, specialized agencies, funds and programmes consistent with their mandates as accorded by their respective governing bodies; 28. We acknowledge that as a new voluntary initiative in the field of international management of chemicals, the Strategic Approach is not a legally binding instrument; 29. We collectively share the view that implementation and taking stock of progress are critical to ensuring success and that, in this regard, a stable and long-term fully participatory and multi sectoral structure for guidance, review and operational support is essential; 30. We are determined to cooperate fully in an open, inclusive, participatory and transparent manner in the implementation of the Strategic Approach.
Goal: [The objective of the present Protocol is to] control, reduce or eliminate discharges, emissions and losses of persistent organic pollutants.
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: Continue to enhance the mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and development with a view to achieving sustainable development
Goal: … promote the sustainable use and development of animal genetic resources, for food security, sustainable agriculture, and human well-being in all countries … ensure the conservation of the important animal genetic resource diversity, for present and future generations, and to halt the random loss of these crucial resources … promote a fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture, and recognize the role of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices relevant to the conservation of animal genetic resources and their sustainable use, and, where appropriate, put in place effective policies and legislative measures … meet the needs of pastoralists and farmers, individually and collectively, within the framework of national law, to have non-discriminatory access to genetic material, information, technologies, financial resources, research
Goal: Achieve that by 2020 chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment
Goal: [Each Party shall:] (a) Prohibit and/or take the legal and administrative measures necessary to eliminate: (i) Its production and use of the chemicals listed in Annex A subject to the provisions of that Annex; and (ii) Its import and export of the chemicals listed in Annex A in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2; and (b) Restrict its production and use of the chemicals listed in Annex B in accordance with the provisions of that Annex.
Goal: Achieve and maintain a favourable conservation status for migratory species
Goal: Emphasize that climate change and its adverse impacts have to be addressed through cooperation at all levels, and welcome the efforts of all Parties to implement the Convention
Goal: The international community commits itself to continuing to support the efforts of small island developing States to develop human and institutional capacity through: (b) Investing in appropriate training focusing on climate change adaptation and mitigation, tourism, disaster management, health care, insurance, investment, agriculture, forestry and fisheries and natural resources product development, and involving small island developing States NGOs and community groups;
Goal: The Contracting Parties agree to promote access to and transfer of energy technology on a commercial and non-discriminatory basis to assist effective trade in Energy Materials and Products and Investment and to implement the objectives of the Charter subject to their laws and regulations, and to the protection of Intellectual Property rights.
Goal: 8. The provision of clean drinking water and adequate sanitation is necessary to protect human health and the environment. In this respect, we agree to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of people who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water (as outlined in the Millennium Declaration) and the proportion of people who do not have access to basic sanitation, which would include actions at all levels to: (a) Develop and implement efficient household sanitation systems; (b) Improve sanitation in public institutions, especially schools; (c) Promote safe hygiene practices; (d) Promote education an d outreach focused on children, as agents of behavioural change; (e) Promote affordable and socially and culturally acceptable technologies and practices; (f) Develop innovative financing and partnership mechanisms; (g) Integrate sanitation into water resources management strategies.
Goal: Strengthen and improve coordination of existing initiatives to enhance sustainable agricultural production and food security
Goal: In the planning and implementation of social and economic development activities, due account shall be taken of the fact that the conservation of nature is an integral part of those activities.
Goal: Section I. Methods and Means of Warfare It is prohibited to employ methods or means of warfare which are intended, or may be expected, to cause widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment
Goal: Parties undertake, individually or jointly, to take all appropriate measures in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and the Annex thereto to prepare for and respond to an oil pollution incident.
Goal: Selective and environmentally safe fishing gear and practices should be further developed and applied, to the extent practicable, in order to maintain biodiversity and to conserve the population structure and aquatic ecosystems and protect fish quality.
Goal: Protect and preserve the marine environment from all sources of pollution and take effective measures […] to prevent, reduce and where practicable eliminate pollution caused by dumping or incineration at sea of wastes or other matter.
Goal: Biodiversity, which plays a critical role in overall sustainable development and poverty eradication, is essential to our planet, human well-being and to the livelihood and cultural integrity of people. However, biodiversity is currently being lost at unprecedented rates due to human activities; this trend can only be reversed if the local people benefit from the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, in particular in countries of origin of genetic resources, in accordance with article 15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Convention is the key instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from use of genetic resources. A more efficient and coherent implementation of the three objectives of the Convention and the achievement by 2010 of a significant reduction in the current rate of loss of biological diversity will require the provision of new and additional financial and technical resources to developing countries
Goal: With the purpose of securing common and effective action to prevent the spread and introduction of pests of plants and plant products, and to promote appropriate measures for their control, the contracting parties undertake to adopt the legislative, technical and administrative measures specified in this Convention and in supplementary agreements
Goal: See forest section
Goal: Considering that, in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening them, it is incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient complement thereto
Goal: Establish a system of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity
Goal: To achieve those targets in the agreed time frames, the following actions are required by small island developing States, with necessary support from the international community: (a) Integrating biodiversity protection into national sustainable development strategies; (b) Building effective partnerships between all relevant stakeholders essential to the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources; (c) Addressing island biodiversity under the Convention on Biological Diversity in a manner that responds to the unique characteristics of small island developing States and to the threats related to climate change, land degradation and their particular vulnerabilities; (d) Implementing the guidelines of the Convention on biodiversity and tourism development; (e) Enhancing national efforts, both by Governments and other stakeholders, in the implementation of the programme of work of the Convention on protected areas, including the establishment of protected areas consistent with international law and based on scientific information; (f) Controlling major pathways for potential alien invasive species in small island developing States; (g) Developing local capacities for protecting and developing the traditional knowledge of indigenous groups for the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources, taking into account the Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising out of their Utilization as adopted at by the Conference of Parties to the Convention at its sixth meeting; (h) Developing the capacity to promote cooperation among small island developing States for biodiversity resources, shared ecosystem management and exchange of experience, including through support for strong networks, by both Governments and other stakeholders; (i) Participating in the Ad Hoc Open-Ended Group of the Convention on an international regime on access and benefit-sharing to elaborate and negotiate the nature, scope and elements of an international regime on access and benefit-sharing in accordance with the terms of decision VII/19 of the Conference of Parties to the Convention, including, inter alia, the issue of unauthorized access to and misappropriation of genetic resources and traditional knowledge, which is of particular concern to small island developing States; (j) Developing human and institutional capacity at the national and regional levels in small island developing States for research in the area of biodiversity, including taxonomy; (k) Supporting, through the Convention and its Cartagena Protocol, the development and implementation of national biosafety frameworks; (l) Supporting small island developing States efforts in building community capacity to conserve important species, sites and habitats.
Goal: Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate action to protect the ecosystems of which polar bears are a part, with special attention to habitat components such as denning and feeding sites and migration patterns, and shall manage polar bear populations in accordance with sound conservation practices based on the best available scientific data.
Goal: The Governments of the American Republics, wishing to protect and preserve in their natural habitat representatives of all species and genera of their native flora and fauna, including migratory birds, in sufficient numbers and over areas extensive enough to assure them from becoming extinct through any agency within man\\\'s control...have agreed upon the following Articles.
Goal: 1 . The Parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent, abate and eliminate pollution of the Protocol area which can be caused by transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous wastes. 2. The Parties shall take all appropriate measures to reduce to a minimum, and where possible eliminate, the generation of hazardous wastes. 3. The Parties shall also take all appropriate measures to reduce to a minimum the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, and if possible to eliminate such movement in the Mediterranean. […]
Goal: Take joint actions and improve efforts to work together at all levels to improve access to reliable and affordable energy services for sustainable development sufficient to facilitate the achievement of the Millennium development goals, including the goal of halving the proportion of people in poverty by 2015, and as a means to generate other important services that mitigate poverty, bearing in mind that access to energy facilitates the eradication of poverty.
Goal: Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide through sustainable forest management, including protection, restoration, afforestation and reforestation, and increase efforts to prevent forest degradation […] Enhance forest-based economic, social and environmental benefits, including by improving the livelihoods of forest-dependent people […] Increase significantly the area of protected forests worldwide and other areas of sustainably managed forests, as well as the proportion of forest products from sustainably managed forests […] Reverse the decline in official development assistance for sustainable forest management and mobilize significantly increased, new and additional financial resources from all sources for the implementation of sustainable forest management.
Goal: 25. Launch a programme of actions, with financial and technical assistance, to achieve the Millennium d evelopment goal on safe drinking water. In this respect, we agree to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of people who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water, as outlined in the Millennium Declaration, and the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation, which would include actions at all levels to: (a) Mobilize international and domestic financial resources at all levels, transfer technology, promote best practice and support capacity -building for water and sanitation infrastructure and services development, ensuring that such infrastructure and services meet the needs of the poor and are gender-sensitive; (b) Facilitate access to public information and participation, including by women, at all levels in support of policy and decision -making related to water resources management and project implementation;
Goal: The objectives of this Programme area are: (a) By 1995, to review and, where appropriate, establish a programme to integrate environmental and sustainable development with policy analysis for the food and agriculture sector and relevant macroeconomic policy analysis, formulation and implementation; (b) To maintain and develop, as appropriate, operational multisectoral plans, programmes and policy measures, including programmes and measures to enhance sustainable food production and food security within the framework of sustainable development, not later than 1998; (c) To maintain and enhance the ability of developing countries, particularly the least developed ones, to themselves manage policy, programming and planning activities, not later than 2005.
Goal: Fulfill our responsibility for present and future generations by ensuring equity among generations and protecting the integrity and sustainable use of our environment Promote, in all educational and health policies and programmes, environmental awareness, including awareness of unsustainable patterns of consumption and production.
Goal: Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. Also see section on chemicals and waste.
Goal: States shall immediately notify other States of any natural disasters or other emergencies that are likely to produce sudden harmful effects on the environment of those States. Every effort shall be made by the international community to help States so afflicted.
Goal: Drift nets: Each Party undertakes […] to take measures consistent with international law to restrict driftnet fishing activities within the Convention area
Goal: Every State shall effectively exercise its jurisdiction and control in administrative, technical and social matters over ships flying its flag
Goal: Small island developing States, with the necessary support of the international community to: (a) Form regional partnerships to draw on best practices and develop innovative solutions to waste management; (b) Work to strengthen the control of the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes especially through the enhancement of activities under the Basel Convention and, where it applies, the Waigani Convention; (c) Promote sustainable waste management, including: (i) Identifying cost -effective and environmentally sound waste management systems; (ii) Exploring and engaging in innovative forms of financing of waste management infrastructure , including the creation of appropriate national environmental trust funds; (iii) Promoting reduction, reuse and recycling of waste and waste management initiatives; (iv) Developing projects appropriate to small island developing States for the use of waste as a resource, including for the production of energy as a waste management solution; (d) Promote national, regional and international cooperation to reduce the quantity of waste disposed of at sea, including by working with others in the international community to strengthen regimes relating to the disposal of waste at sea, particularly those regimes established by the International Maritime Organization, the London (Dumping) Convention and the International Atomic Energy Agency
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: Promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, access to and the development, transfer and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies and corresponding know-how, in particular to developing countries and countries with economies in transition on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed, as set out in chapter 34 of Agenda 21,
Goal: The Parties shall control and reduce their sulphur emissions in order to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects, in particular acidifying effects, and to ensure, as far as possible, without entailing excessive costs, that depositions of oxidized sulphur compounds in the long term do not exceed critical loads for sulphur given, in annex I, as critical sulphur depositions, in accordance with present scientific knowledge.
Goal: To adequately address their most urgent sustainable development challenges, small island developing States, with the necessary support of the international community, including through the facilitation and improvement of access to existing resources and, where appropriate, through allocation of dedicated financial resources, will take action on biodiversity area: to build representative systems of terrestrial and marine protected areas and to advance the development of Convention on Biodiversity Programme of work on island biodiversity, and access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their utilization.
Goal: Promote reduction of the risks posed by heavy metals that are harmful to human health and the environment
Goal: The Contracting Parties shall pursue a comprehensive policy for the preservation and protection of the Alps by applying the principles of prevention, payment by the polluter (the \'polluter pays\' principle) and cooperation, after careful consideration of the interests of all the Alpine States, their Alpine regions and the European Economic Community, and through the prudent and sustained use of resources. Transborder cooperation in the Alpine region shall be intensified and extended both in terms of the territory and the number of subjects covered.
Goal: All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall: (a) Develop, periodically update, publish and make available to the Conference of the Parties […] national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties; (b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change by addressing anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change; (c) Promote and cooperate in the development, application and diffusion, including transfer, of technologies, practices and processes that control, reduce or prevent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in all relevant sectors, including the energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management sectors; (d) Promote sustainable management, and promote and cooperate in the conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, including biomass, forests and oceans as well as other terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems; (e) Cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change; develop and elaborate appropriate and integrated plans for coastal zone management, water resources and agriculture, and for the protection and rehabilitation of areas, particularly in Africa, affected by drought and desertification, as well as floods; (f) Take climate change considerations into account, to the extent feasible, in their relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions, and employ appropriate methods, for example impact assessments, formulated and determined nationally, with a view to minimizing adverse effects on the economy, on public health and on the quality of the environment, of projects or measures undertaken by them to mitigate or adapt to climate change; (g) Promote and cooperate in scientific, technological, technical, socio-economic and other research, systematic observation and development of data archives related to the climate system and intended to further the understanding and to reduce or eliminate the remaining uncertainties regarding the causes, effects, magnitude and timing of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various response strategies; (h) Promote and cooperate in the full, open and prompt exchange of relevant scientific, technological, technical, socio-economic and legal information related to the climate system and climate change, and to the economic and social consequences of various response strategies; (i) Promote and cooperate in education, training and public awareness related to climate change and encourage the widest participation in this process, including that of non-governmental organizations; and (j) Communicate to the Conference of the Parties information related to implementation
Goal: We are committed to taking further action through practical international cooperation, inter alia: (a) To promote innovation, clean energy and energy efficiency and conservation; improve policy, regulatory and financing frameworks; and accelerate the deployment of cleaner technologies
Goal: To prepare and implement, as appropriate, national forestry action programmes and/or plans for the management, conservation and sustainable development of forests. These programmes and/or plans should be integrated with other land uses. In this context, country-driven national forestry action programmes and/or plans under the Tropical Forestry Action Programme are currently being implemented in more than 80 countries, with the support of the international community To ensure sustainable management and, where appropriate, conservation of existing and future forest resources. (a) To improve recognition of the social, economic and ecological values of trees, forests and forest lands, including the consequences of the damage caused by the lack of forests; to promote methodologies with a view to incorporating social, economic and ecological values of trees, forests and forest lands into the national economic accounting systems; to ensure their sustainable management in a way that is consistent with land use, environmental considerations and development needs; (b) To promote efficient, rational and sustainable utilization of all types of forests and vegetation inclusive of other related lands and forest-based resources, through the development of efficient forest-based processing industries, value-adding secondary processing and trade in forest products, based on sustainably managed forest resources and in accordance with plans that integrate all wood and non-wood values of forests; (c) To promote more efficient and sustainable use of forests and trees for fuel wood and energy supplies; (d) To promote more comprehensive use and economic contributions of forest areas by incorporating eco-tourism into forest management and planning. Reduce the deforestation rate and increase forest coverage, maintain and develop the multiple contributions of forests, trees and forestry to food security for the conservation and sustainable use of land and water resources, including the protection of watersheds, and as reservoirs of biological diversity
Goal: Promoting access for all people to safe drinking water, sanitation and other basic services, facilities and amenities, especially for people living in poverty, women and those belonging to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups
Goal: Urges Governments, in particular those of the developed countries, United Nations organizations and other intergovernmental bodies to increase and intensify their efforts to combat desertification and to accord the highest priority to the recommendations contained in the Plan of Action;
Goal: We will promote an enabling environment based on a people-centered approach to sustainable development, with the following features: […] Protection and conservation of the natural environment in the context of people-centered sustainable development. Ensuring that […] broad-based, sustained economic growth and sustainable development respects the need to protect the environment and the interests of future generations States cooperating with one another in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development. The international community should promote effective international cooperation, supporting the efforts of developing countries, for the full realization of the right to development and the elimination of obstacles to development, through, inter alia, the implementation of the provisions of the Declaration on the Right to Development as reaffirmed by the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. Lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level, as well as equitable economic relations and a favourable economic environment at the international level. The right to development should be fulfilled so as to equitably meet the social development and environmental needs of present and future generations Redesigning public investment policies that relate to infrastructure development, the management of natural resources and human resource development to benefit people living in poverty and to promote their compatibility with the long-term improvement of livelihoods The opportunities for income generation, diversification of activities and increase of productivity in low-income and poor communities should be enhanced by: […] Improving the competitiveness of natural products with environmental advantages and strengthening the impact that this could have on promoting sustainable consumption and production patterns Governments should implement the commitments that have been made to meet the basic needs of all […] including, inter alia, the following: […] Providing, on a sustainable basis, access to safe drinking water in sufficient quantities, and proper sanitation for all
Goal: Recognizing that it is in the interest of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or object of international discord
Goal: Considering that it is essential to prevent or reduce the incidence of chemically induced illnesses and injuries at work
Goal: States commit themselves to the conservation and sustainable use of marine living resources under national jurisdiction
Goal: States, acting through the competent international organization or general diplomatic conference, shall establish international rules and standards to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from vessels and promote the adoption, in the same manner, wherever appropriate, of routing systems designed to minimize the threat of accidents which might cause pollution of the marine environment, including the coastline, and pollution damage to the related interests of coastal States. Such rules and standards shall, in the same manner, be re-examined from time to time as necessary.
Goal: The genetic viability on the earth shall not be compromised; the population level of all life forms, wild and domesticated, must be at least sufficient for their survival, and to this end necessary habitats shall be safeguarded.
Goal: Promote the conservation and sustainable utilization of animal genetic resources
Goal: Determined to protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to control equitably total global emissions of substances that deplete it, with the ultimate objective of their elimination on the basis of developments in scientific knowledge, taking into account technical and economic considerations and bearing in mind the developmental needs of developing countries
Goal: [Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the] identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State. It will do all it can to this end, to the utmost of its own resources and, where appropriate, with any international assistance and co-operation, in particular, financial, artistic, scientific and technical, which it may be able to obtain.
Goal: Protected areas are effectively managed, with reliable reporting on their management
Goal: Each Party shall prohibit the deliberate capture, keeping or killing of bats except under permit from its competent authority. European populations of Chiroptera (Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae and Tadarida teniotis)
Goal: Reduce respiratory diseases and other health impacts resulting from air pollution, with particular attention to women and children, by: […] Supporting the phasing out of lead in gasoline
Goal: The Parties shall pursue a comprehensive policy and cooperate for the protection and sustainable development of the Carpathians with a view to inter alia improving quality of life, strengthening local economies and communities, and conservation of natural values and cultural heritage.
Goal: The developed country Parties and other Parties included in Annex I commit themselves specifically as provided for in the following: (a) Each of these Parties shall adopt national policies and take corresponding measures on the mitigation of climate change, by limiting its anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting and enhancing its greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs.
Goal: In pursuance of our commitment to achieve sustainable development, we further resolve: […] (i) To accelerate the development and dissemination of affordable and cleaner energy efficiency and energy conservation technologies, as well as the transfer of such technologies, in particular to developing countries, on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed, bearing in mind that access to energy facilitates the eradication of poverty
Goal: To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests […] and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of the tropical timber trade
Goal: Taking account of the importance and multiplicity of the functions which the Amazonian rivers have in the process of economic and social development of the region, the Contracting Parties shall make efforts aimed at achieving rational utilization of the hydro resources.
Goal: Reduce land degradation and rehabilitate degraded land. Promote policies to manage water and land resources in an integrated manner. Enhance capacity-building, technology transfer and financing
Goal: Recognizing the need for more efficient environmental activities in the United Nations system, with enhanced coordination, improved policy advice and guidance, strengthened scientific knowledge, assessment and cooperation, better treaty compliance, while respecting the legal autonomy of the treaties, and better integration of environmental activities in the broader sustainable development framework at the operational level, including through capacity-building, we agree to explore the possibility of a more coherent institutional framework to address this need, including a more integrated structure, building on existing institutions and internationally agreed instruments, as well as the treaty bodies and the specialized agencies
Goal: The protection of the Antarctic environment [...] and the intrinsic value of Antarctica, including its wilderness and aesthetic values and its value as an area for the conduct of scientific research, in particular research essential to understanding the global environment, shall be fundamental considerations in the planning and conduct of all activities in the Antarctic Treaty area.
Goal: To adopt uniform international rules and procedures for determining questions of liability and compensation in respect of the damage caused by incidents in connection with the carriage by sea of hazardous and noxious substances.
Goal: To achieve sustainable fisheries […] maintain or restore stocks to levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield with the aim of achieving these goals for depleted stocks on an urgent basis and where possible not later than 2015
Goal: States shall adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from or through the atmosphere, applicable to the air space under their sovereignty and to vessels flying their flag or vessels or aircraft of their registry, taking into account internationally agreed rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures and the safety of air navigation.
Goal: Considering that all the Contracting Parties should cooperate to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of ecosystems and that they have, in this respect, common but differentiated responsibilities.
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: To establish measures concerning financial resources and mechanisms for the implementation of Agenda 21; To provide new and additional financial resources that are both adequate and predictable; To seek full use and continuing qualitative improvement of funding mechanisms to be utilized for the implementation of Agenda 21.
Goal: Assist developing countries in building capacity to access a larger share of multilateral and global research and development programmes.
Goal: Establish a system of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity Promote the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species
Goal: The Contracting Governments shall adopt appropriate measures for the protection of migratory birds of economic or aesthetic value or to prevent the threatened extinction of any given species
Goal: Taking appropriate action to manage the use of heavy metals, particularly lead, safely and effectively and, where possible, eliminating uncontrolled exposure in order to protect human health and the environment
Goal: States shall develop national law regarding liability and compensation for the victims of pollution and other environmental damage. States shall also cooperate in an expeditious and more determined manner to develop further international law regarding liability and compensation for adverse effects of environmental damage caused by activities within their jurisdiction or control to areas beyond their jurisdiction.
Goal: The developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II shall provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in complying with their obligations under Article 12, paragraph 1. They shall also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of implementing measures that are covered by paragraph 1 of this Article and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11, in accordance with that Article.
Goal: The basic and ultimate objective of this programme area is to reduce adverse effects on the atmosphere from the energy sector by promoting policies or programmes, as appropriate, to increase the contribution of environmentally sound and cost-effective energy systems, particularly new and renewable ones, through less polluting and more efficient energy production, transmission, distribution and use. This objective should reflect the need for equity, adequate energy supplies and increasing energy consumption in developing countries, and should take into consideration the situations of countries that are highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy-intensive products and/or the use of fossil fuels for which countries have serious difficulties in switching to alternatives, and the situations of countries highly vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change.
Goal: Small island developing States are committed, with the necessary support of the international community and in the framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests/Intergovernmental Forum on Forests proposals for action and subsequent action of the United Nations Forum on Forests, the Convention on Biological Diversity work programme on forest biodiversity and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation to: (a) Develop and strengthen partnerships for sustainable forest management, such as the Iwokrama rainforest programme; (b) Increase stakeholder participation in all discussions regarding the development, management and conservation of forest and tree resources; (c) Ensure adherence to national forest policies and legislation that has been developed to safeguard rights of resource owners and legitimate or licensed users through administrative and management mechanisms for alienation, license or transfer of traditional rights for commercial development purposes; (d) Increase the awareness, promotion, adoption and enforcement of legislation to ensure that sustainable rotational logging practices and replanting initiatives are implemented.
Goal: Equitable And Reasonable Utilisation Of Water Resources [The Partner States shall] utilize the water resources of the Basin, in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner. Protection and Conservation of The Basin And Its Ecosystems [1. The Partner States shall take all appropriate measures, individually or jointly and where appropriate with participation of all stakeholders to] protect, conserve and where necessary rehabilitate the Basin and its ecosystems [in particular by; …] Sustainable Development of Natural Resources The Partner States shall manage, develop and utilize the natural resources of the Basin in a sustainable manner. Sustainable Development and Management of Fisheries Resources [The Partner States shall] manage, develop and utilize Fishery resources of the Basin in accordance with the Convention establishing the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization. Sustainable Agriculture and Land Use Practices [The Partner States shall] promote sustainable agriculture and land use practices in order to achieve food security and rational agricultural production within the Basin [in accordance with the provisions of Article 105, 106, 107,108, 109 and 110 of the Treaty.
Goal: Natural resources shall not be wasted, but used with a restraint appropriate to the principles set forth in the present Charter, in accordance with the following rules: […] the productivity of soils shall be maintained or enhanced through measures which safeguard their long-term fertility and the process of organic decomposition
Goal: Trade: We strongly reaffirm our commitment to the objective of sustainable development, as stated in the Preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement. We are convinced that the aims of upholding and safeguarding an open and non-discriminatory multilateral trading system, and acting for the protection of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development can and must be mutually supportive. We take note of the efforts by members to conduct national environmental assessments of trade policies on a voluntary basis. We recognize that under WTO rules no country should be prevented from taking measures for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, or of the environment at the levels it considers appropriate, subject to the requirement that they are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on international trade, and are otherwise in accordance with the provisions of the WTO Agreements. We welcome the WTO´s continued cooperation with UNEP and other inter-governmental environmental organizations. We encourage efforts to promote cooperation between the WTO and relevant international environmental and developmental organizations, especially in the lead-up to the World Summit on Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in September 2002.
Goal: [The Contracting Parties] Recognizing the importance of safeguarding the environment and protecting the integrity of the ecosystem of the seas surrounding Antarctica […] Conscious of the urgency of ensuring the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources
Goal: Each Party shall provide that final decisions on the merits of the case in such proceedings are: (a) in writing and preferably state the reasons on which the decisions are based; (b) made available without undue delay to the parties to the proceedings and, consistent with its law, to the public
Goal: States and users of living aquatic resources should conserve aquatic ecosystems. The right to fish carries with it the obligation to do so in a responsible manner so as to ensure effective conservation and management of the living aquatic resources.
Goal: States shall take all measures necessary to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment resulting from the use of technologies under their jurisdiction or control, or the intentional or accidental introduction of species, alien or new, to a particular part of the marine environment, which may cause significant and harmful changes thereto.
Goal: The Parties shall not allow trade in specimens of species included in Appendices I, II and III except in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention
Goal: The objective of this Convention and its protocols is to protect present and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke by providing a framework for tobacco control measures to be implemented by the Parties at the national, regional and international levels in order to reduce continually and substantially the prevalence of tobacco use and exposure to tobacco smoke.
Goal: Address challenges to biodiversity from climate change, and pollution
Goal: To develop and apply pollution control and measurement technologies for stationary and mobile sources of air pollution and to develop alternative environmentally sound technologies; To observe and assess systematically the sources and extent of transboundary air pollution resulting from natural processes and anthropogenic activities; To strengthen the capabilities, particularly of developing countries, to measure, model and assess the fate and impacts of transboundary air pollution, through, inter alia, exchange of information and training of experts; To develop capabilities to assess and mitigate transboundary air pollution resulting from industrial and nuclear accidents, natural disasters and the deliberate and/or accidental destruction of natural resources; To encourage the establishment of new and the implementation of existing regional agreements for limiting transboundary air pollution; To develop strategies aiming at the reduction of emissions causing transboundary air pollution and their effects.
Goal: The objective of the present Protocol is to control and reduce emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds that are caused by anthropogenic activities and are likely to cause adverse effects on human health, natural ecosystems, materials and crops, due to acidification, eutrophication or ground-level ozone as a result of long-range transboundary atmospheric transport
Goal: All cetaceans that frequent the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous area of the Atlantic Ocean west of the Straits of Gibraltar
Goal: Eliminating as soon as possible the use of lead in gasoline
Goal: Establish close cooperation between certain African countries with a view to reducing and ultimately eliminating illegal trade in wild fauna and flora
Goal: The developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II shall also assist the developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change in meeting costs of adaptation to those adverse effects.
Goal: Promoting and supporting greater efforts to develop renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind and geothermal
Goal: [1. The Parties shall take all necessary measures for the] protection, conservation, sustainable use and rehabilitation of vegetation cover. [To this end they shall:] a) adopt scientifically-based and sound traditional conservation, utilization and management plans for forests, woodlands, rangelands, wetlands and other areas with vegetation cover, taking into account the social and economic needs of the peoples concerned, the importance of the vegetation cover for the maintenance of the water balance of an area, the productivity of soils and the habitat requirements of species; b) take concrete steps or measures to control fires, forest exploitation, land clearing for cultivation, grazing by domestic and wild animals, and invasive species; c) establish forest reserves and carry out afforestation programmes where necessary; d) limit forest grazing to season and intensities that will not prevent forest regeneration.
Goal: Relevant provision to be identified.
Goal: Promote programmes for the environmentally sound, effective and efficient use of soil fertility improvement practices and agricultural pest control
Goal: Food security: Seek to understand better the impacts of global environmental threats, in particular climate change and variability, the depletion of the ozone layer, loss of biodiversity and various forms of environmental pollution, on food security
Goal: Further recognizing that strengthening health systems to enable them to deal with both gradual changes and sudden shocks is a fundamental priority in terms of addressing the direct and indirect effects of climate change for health URGES Member States: (1) to develop health measures and integrate them into plans for adaptation to climate change as appropriate; (2) to build the capacity of public health leaders to be proactive in providing technical guidance on health issues, be competent in developing and implementing strategies for addressing the effects of, and adapting to, climate change, and show leadership in supporting the necessary rapid and comprehensive action; (3) to strengthen the capacity of health systems for monitoring and minimizing the public health impacts of climate change through adequate preventive measures, preparedness, timely response and effective management of natural disasters; (4) to promote effective engagement of the health sector and its collaboration with all related sectors, agencies and key partners at national and global levels in order to reduce the current and projected health risks from climate change; (5) to express commitment to meeting the challenges posed to human health by climate change, and to provide clear directions for planning actions and investments at the national level in order to address the health effects of climate changes.
Goal: Conscious of the need to give explicit consideration to environmental factors at an early stage in the decision-making process by applying environmental impact assessment, at all appropriate administrative levels, as a necessary tool to improve the quality of information presented to decision makers so that environmentally sound decisions can be made paying careful attention to minimizing significant adverse impact, particularly in a transboundary context The Parties shall, either individually or jointly, take all appropriate and effective measures to prevent, reduce and control significant adverse transboundary environmental impact from proposed activities.
Goal: Fisheries management should promote the maintenance of the quality, diversity and availability of fishery resources in sufficient quantities for present and future generations in the context of food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Management measures should not only ensure the conservation of target species but also of species belonging to the same ecosystem or associated with or dependent upon the target species.
Goal: The Contracting Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, take all possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution and shall take the necessary measures to protect the maritime area against the adverse effects of human activities so as to safeguard human health and to conserve marine ecosystems and, when practicable, restore marine areas which have been adversely affected.
Goal: Small island developing States and relevant regional and international development partners should work together to: Promote access to technological system licences, with due respect for the rights of licence holders, including for the management of waste as a resource, energy efficiency and renewable energy development, through mechanisms such as regional development banks;
Goal: For Chapter X of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and section IV of Agenda 21, see section 10 on Environmental Governance below.
Goal: To seek full use and continuing qualitative improvement of funding mechanisms to be utilized for the implementation of Agenda 21. To help to ensure the access, in particular of developing countries, to scientific and technological information, including information on state-of-the-art technologies; To promote, facilitate, and finance, as appropriate, the access to and the transfer of environmentally sound technologies and corresponding know-how, in particular to developing countries, on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed, taking into account the need to protect intellectual property rights as well as the special needs of developing countries for the implementation of Agenda 21; To facilitate the maintenance and promotion of environmentally sound indigenous technologies that may have been neglected or displaced, in particular in developing countries, paying particular attention to their priority needs and taking into account the complementary roles of men and women; To support endogenous capacity-building, in particular in developing countries, so they can assess, adopt, manage and apply environmentally sound technologies. This could be achieved […] To promote long-term technological partnerships between holders of environmentally sound technologies and potential users. Agenda 21, Chapter 34, para. 34.14, sub-paras (a)-(e)
Goal: Build greater capacity in science and technology for sustainable development,
Goal: Promote the conservation of the biological diversity of ecosystems, habitats and biomes.
Goal: We commit ourselves in a spirit of solidarity and partnership to achieving chemical safety and thereby assisting in fighting poverty, protecting vulnerable groups and advancing public health and human security
Goal: Governments...should as appropriate: Encourage countries, in particular developing countries, to cooperate in exchanging knowledge, experience and knowhow in the phasing out of lead gasoline, through, inter alia, the use of biomass ethanol as an environmentally sound substitute
Goal: The objective of this programme area is to ensure that radioactive wastes are safely managed, transported, stored and disposed of, with a view to protecting human health and the environment, within a wider framework of an interactive and integrated approach to radioactive waste management and safety.
Goal: The developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II shall take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies and know-how to other Parties, particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the Convention.
Goal: With a sense of urgency, substantially increase the global share of renewable energy sources with the objective of increasing its contribution to total energy supply
Goal: All States, according to their capacity and available resources, and through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, including the United Nations and other relevant organizations as appropriate, could set the following targets: (a) By the year 2000, to have ensured that all urban residents have access to at least 40 litres per capita per day of safe water and that 75 per cent of the urban population are provided with on-site or community facilities for sanitation; (b) By the year 2000, to have established and applied quantitative and qualitative discharge standards for municipal and industrial effluents; (c) By the year 2000, to have ensured that 75 per cent of solid waste generated in urban areas are collected and recycled or disposed of in an environmentally safe way.
Goal: The Parties shall, in particular, take all appropriate measures: (a) To prevent, control and reduce pollution of waters causing or likely to cause transboundary impact; (b) To ensure that transboundary waters are used with the aim of ecologically sound and rational water management, conservation of water resources and environmental protection; (c) To ensure that transboundary waters are used in a reasonable and equitable way, taking into particular account their transboundary character, in the case of activities which cause or are likely to cause transboundary impact; (d) To ensure conservation and, where necessary, restoration of ecosystems.
Goal: Promote sustainable and integrated land use planning and land management practices
Goal: Human rights: The right to development should be fulfilled so as to meet equitably the developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations. The World Conference on Human Rights recognizes that illicit dumping of toxic and dangerous substances and waste potentially constitutes a serious threat to the human rights to life and health of everyone. Consequently, the World Conference on Human Rights calls on all States to adopt and vigorously implement existing conventions relating to the dumping of toxic and dangerous products and waste and to cooperate in the prevention of illicit dumping.
Goal: Relevant paragraphs relating to the management and response to chemicals and radiological incidents
Goal: The objective of this Protocol is to provide for a high level of protection of the environment, including health, by: (a) Ensuring that environmental, including health, considerations are thoroughly taken into account in the development of plans and programmes; (b) Contributing to the consideration of environmental, including health, concerns in the preparation of policies and legislation; (c) Establishing clear, transparent and effective procedures for strategic environmental assessment; (d) Providing for public participation in strategic environmental assessment; and (e) Integrating by these means environmental, including health, concerns into measures and instruments designed to further sustainable development.